Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering

M.E. Hossain, PhD,?is an assistant professor in the department of petroleum engineering at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. He earned his PhD in petroleum engineering from Dalhousie University in 2008 and is the author of one book and over 40 research on petroleum engineering.

Preface xiii

Acknowledgements xv

Summary xvii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Introduction to Drilling Engineering 1

1.3 Importance of Drilling Engineering 2

1.4 Application of Drilling Engineering 2

1.5 Multiple Choice Questions 3

1.6 Summary 9

1.7 MCQs (Self-Practices) 9

2 Drilling Methods 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 15

2.2.1 Power System 15

2.2.2 Hoisting System 24

2.2.3 Circulation System 39

2.3 Multiple Choice Questions 48

2.4 Summary 54

2.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 55

2.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 55

2.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 57

2.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 59

2.6 Nomenclature 64

3 Drilling Fluids 65

3.1 Introduction 65

3.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 65

3.2.1 Solid Control 65

3.2.2 Mud Density 70

3.2.3 Mud Viscosity 71

3.2.3.1 Measurement of Mud Viscosity 74

3.2.4 pH Determination 79

3.2.5 Determination of Liquid and Solids Content 80

3.2.6 New Drilling Mud Calculations 81

3.2.7 Design of Mud Weight 83

3.3 Multiple Choice Questions 92

3.4 Summary 97

3.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 98

3.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 98

3.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 99

3.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 101

3.6 Nomenclature 106

4 Drilling Hydraulics 109

4.1 Introduction 109

4.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 109

4.2.1 Newtonian Fluid 109

4.2.2 Non-Newtonian Fluid 111

4.2.3 Turbulent Flow 122

4.2.4 Transitional Flow 124

4.2.5 Hydrostatic Pressure Calculation 126

4.2.6 Fluid Flow through Pipes 132

4.2.7 Fluid Flow through Drill Bits 135

4.2.8 Pressure Loss Calculation of the Rig System 137

4.3 Multiple Choice Questions 147

4.4 Summary 152

4.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 153

4.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 153

4.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 155

4.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 157

4.6 Nomenclature 162

5 Well Control and Monitoring Program 165

5.1 Introduction 165

5.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 165

5.2.1 Control of Influx and Kill Mud 165

5.2.2 Type of Influx and Gradient Calculation 169

5.2.3 Kill Mud Weight Calculation 170

5.2.4 Kick Analysis 175

5.2.5 Shut-in Surface Pressure 194

5.3 Multiple Choice Questions 199

5.4 Summary 204

5.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 205

5.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 205

5.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 206

5.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 208

5.6 Nomenclature 213

6 Formation Pore and Fractures Pressure Estimation 215

6.1 Introduction 215

6.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 215

6.2.1 Underground Stresses 215

6.2.2 Formation Pressure 216

6.2.3 Pore Pressure Estimation 234

6.2.4 Methods for Estimating Fracture Pressure 247

6.3 Multiple Choice Questions 259

6.4 Summary 265

6.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 265

6.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 265

6.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 267

6.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 269

6.6 Nomenclature 274

7 Basics of Drillstring Design 277

7.1 Introduction 277

7.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 278

7.2.1 Drillstring Design 278

7.2.2 Bit Design 308

7.2.3 Drilling Optimization Techniques 309

7.2.4 Rate of Penetration Modeling 315

7.3 Multiple Choice Questions 323

7.4 Summary 328

7.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 328

7.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 328

7.5.2 Exercise (Self-Practices) 329

7.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 331

7.6 Nomenclature 336

8 Casing Design 339

8.1 Introduction 339

8.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 339

8.2.1 Casing Design Process 339

8.2.2 Calculation of Magnitude of Design Properties 345

8.3 Multiple Choice Questions 370

8.4 Summary 375

8.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 375

8.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 375

8.5.2 Exercise (Self Practices) 377

8.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 378

8.6 Nomenclature 383

9 Cementing 385

9.1 Introduction 385

9.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 385

9.2.1 Cement Properties 385

9.2.2 Cement Volume Calculation 393

9.3 Multiple Choice Questions 410

9.4 Summary 415

9.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 416

9.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 416

9.5.2 Exercise (Self-Practices) 418

9.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 419

9.6 Nomenclature 423

10 Horizontal and Directional Drilling 425

10.1 Introduction 425

10.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 425

10.2.1 Horizontal Departure 425

10.2.2 Buckling Models in Coiled Tubing 430

10.2.3 Directional Patterns 434

10.2.4 Principles of Surveying 439

10.2.5 Survey Calculations and Plotting Results 444

10.3 Multiple Choice Questions 461

10.4 Summary 466

10.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 467

10.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 467

10.5.2 Exercise 469

10.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 471

10.6 Nomenclature 475

11 Well Drilling Costs Analysis 477

11.1 Introduction 477

11.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 477

11.2.1 Authorization for Expenditure 477

11.2.2 Drilling Cost Estimation 481

11.2.3 Well Drilling Time Estimation 486

11.2.4 Future Value Estimation 496

11.2.5 Price Elasticity 499

11.3 Multiple Choice Questions 516

11.4 Summary 519

11.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 520

11.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 520

11.5.2 Exercise 522

11.5.3 MCQs (Self Practices) 527

11.6 Nomenclature 529

12 Well Completion 531

12.1 Introduction 531

12.2 Multiple Choice Questions 532

12.3 Summary 538

13 Additional Workout Examples 539

13.1 Introduction 539

13.2 Drilling Fluids 539

13.2 Drilling Hydraulics 544

13.3 Well Control 549

13.4 Pore and Fracture Pressure Estimation 554

13.5 Drillstring Design 556

13.6 Casing Design 561

13.7 Cementing 563

13.8 Horizontal and Directional Drilling 565

13.9 Cost Analysis 569

Appendix A: (Solutions of Exercises) 573

Chapter 2: Drilling Methods 573

Chapter 3: Drilling Fluid 593

Chapter 4: Drilling Hydraulics 605

Chapter 5: Well Control and Monitoring Program 624

Chapter 6: Formation Pore and Fractures Pressure Estimation 636

Chapter 7: Basics of Drillstring Design 646

Chapter 8: Casing Design 655

Chapter 9: Cementing 665

Chapter 10: Horizontal and Directional Drilling 676

Chapter 11: Well Drilling Costs Analysis 689

Appendix B: (MCQs Solutions) 701

Chapter 1: Drilling Methods 701

Chapter 2: Drilling Methods 701

Chapter 3: Drilling Fluid 701

Chapter 4: Drilling Hydraulics 702

Chapter 5: Well Control and Monitoring Program 702

Chapter 6: Formation Pore and Fractures Pressure Estimation 702

Chapter 7: Basics of Drillstring Design 702

Chapter 8: Casing Design 702

Chapter 9: Cementing 703

Chapter 10: Horizontal and Directional Drilling 703

Chapter 11: Well Drilling Cost Analysis 703