Determination of Atmospheric Parameters of B-, A-, F- and G-Type Stars

Introduction.- Stellar Atmospheres: basics processes and equations.- How to build a model of the atmosphere and spectrum.- Atomic data - where to get them, how to use them.- Problems with atomic and molecular data: including all the lines.- Spectral classification: The first step in quantitative spectral analysis.- Effective temperature determinations.- How to determine surface gravity from spectrum and spectral lines.- Stellar parameters from photometry.- Spectral lines analysis: rotational velocity and velocity fields.- Convection and turbulence.- Diffusion and its manifestation in stellar atmospheres.- Magnetic fields.- Chemically peculiar stars.- Spectroscopic analysis of cool giants and supergiants.- Basics of the NLTE physics.- Analysis of stellar spectra with 3D and NLTE models.- NLTE analysis of spectra: OBA stars.- Current status of NLTE analysis and perspectives for future.- What influences the results?.- Solar abundances problem.- Spectral synthesis codes and methods of analysis.- Model Atmosphere Codes: ATLAS12 and ATLAS9.- A gentle introduction to the SME.- ARES+MOOG - a practical overview of an EW method.