Millimeter-Wave Antennas: Configurations and Applications (eBook)

Saurabh Sinha is a Full Professor of Microelectronics and Executive Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. In addition, he is the Managing Editor of the South African Institute of Electrical Engineers (SAIEE) Africa Research Journal. 

Preface 6
Contents 8
Abstract 11
1 Introduction to the World of Millimeter-Wave Systems 12
1.1 A Brief History of Millimeter-Wave Electronics 12
1.2 The Millimeter-Wave Spectrum 21
1.3 Wave Propagation at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies 23
1.4 Outline of This Book 25
References 27
2 Leaky-Wave Antennas 30
2.1 General Principles of Leaky Waves 30
2.2 Extension into Millimeter-Wavelengths 32
2.3 Leaky-Wave Antenna Classification 32
2.3.1 One-Dimensional Uniform Leaky-Wave Antennas 33
2.3.2 One-Dimensional Periodic Leaky-Wave Antenna 36
2.3.3 Two-Dimensional Leaky-Wave Antenna 42
2.4 Closing Remarks 48
References 48
3 Printed and Planar Antennas 50
3.1 Classification of Printed and Planar Antennas 51
3.2 Microstrip Elements 51
3.2.1 Theory of Operation 52
3.2.2 Feeding Methods 53
3.2.3 Design Principles 55
3.2.4 Considerations for Millimeter-Wave Operation 56
3.3 Research Review 57
3.3.1 U-Slot Microstrip 58
3.3.2 Vertical Patch 59
3.3.3 Magneto-Electric Dipole 60
3.3.4 Planar Yagi-Uda Arrays 63
3.3.5 Conventional Printed Circuit Antennas 66
3.3.6 Micromachined Patch Antennas 67
3.4 Closing Thoughts 69
References 69
4 Active Integrated Antennas 72
4.1 Introduction 72
4.2 Integrated Waveguides 74
4.2.1 Substrate-Integrated Waveguide 74
4.2.2 Substrate-Integrated Non-radiative Dielectric Guide 76
4.2.3 Substrate-Integrated Image Guide 76
4.3 Classification of Integrated Antennas 77
4.4 Integrated Transmitter Antennas 79
4.5 Integrated Receiver Antennas 82
4.5.1 Monopulse Antennas 82
4.6 Integrated Phased Arrays 84
4.6.1 Phased Array Architecture 85
4.6.2 Applications of Phased Arrays 87
4.7 Integrated MIMO Antennas 90
4.8 Integrated Multiple Beam Antennas 92
4.9 Concluding Remarks 92
References 92
5 Reflector and Lens Antennas 96
5.1 Single Feed Reflectors 96
5.1.1 Feeding Methods 97
5.1.2 Beamforming 98
5.1.3 Focal Array Fed Reflectors 99
5.2 Reflectarrays 101
5.2.1 Dual Reflector 102
5.2.2 Reconfigurable Reflectarrays 104
5.2.3 Folded Reflectors 104
5.2.4 Retrodirective Arrays 106
5.3 Lens Antennas 107
5.3.1 Reduced Size Lens 108
5.3.2 Rotman Lens 110
5.3.3 Lüneburg Lens 113
5.4 Concluding Remarks 114
References 115
6 Millimeter-Wave & !hx00A0
6.1 High-Speed Data Converters 118
6.1.1 ADCs for Millimeter-Wave Systems 119
6.2 Voltage-Controlled Oscillators 123
6.2.1 VCO Architectures 124
6.3 Mixers 127
6.3.1 Mixer Architectures 128
6.4 Power Amplifiers 132
6.4.1 Amplifier Figures of Merit 133
6.4.2 Power Amplifier Architectures 134
6.4.3 Power Combining Techniques 137
6.5 Closing Remarks 138
References 138
7 Practical Applications of Millimeter-Wave Antennas 143
7.1 Communication Systems 143
7.1.1 Broadband Mobile Systems 144
7.2 Radar 150
7.2.1 Civil Applications of Millimeter-Wave Radar 155
7.2.2 Automotive Radar 156
7.3 Imaging 159
7.3.1 Millimeter-Wave Radiometry 160
7.3.2 Applications 161
7.4 Closing Remarks 162
References 162