Biomedical Polymers (eBook)

Dr. Vinod B. Damodaran is a biomaterials researcher at the New Jersey Center for Biomaterials (NJCBM) and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. His current research focuses on the development of innovative biomaterials for various biomedical applications, including brain-computer interface (BCI) and fused deposition modeling.Dr. Divya Bhatnagar, a Postdoctoral Research Associate at New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, has authored several peer-reviewed publications on both in vivo and in vitro aspects of tissue engineering. Her current research focus is on developing medical devices and bioactive materials for long-gap nerve repair and other tissue engineering applications.Prof. Murthy is an Associate Research Professor affiliated with the New Jersey Center for Biomaterials and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. His research spans a range of activities from understanding the properties and performance of polymers to the use of these polymers in biomedical devices. 

Preface 6
Contents 8
1 Biomedical Polymers: An Overview 10
1.1 Introduction 10
1.2 Classification 11
1.2.1 Synthetic Polymers 11
1.2.1.1 Poly(?-Esters) 12
Polyglycolide 12
Polylactides 13
Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) 14
Polycaprolactone 15
1.2.1.2 Polycarbonates 15
1.2.1.3 Polyurethanes 16
1.2.2 Naturally—Occurring Polymers 18
1.2.2.1 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) 18
1.2.2.2 Chitin/Chitosan 20
1.2.2.3 Alginate 21
1.2.2.4 Fibrin 22
1.2.2.5 Collagen 23
1.3 Conclusion 26
References 27
2 Biomedical Polymers: Synthetic Strategies 32
2.1 Introduction 32
2.2 Condensation Polymerization 33
2.2.1 Polyesters and Polyarylates 34
2.2.2 Polyesteramides 36
2.2.3 Polycarbonates 39
2.2.4 Polyurethanes 40
2.3 Addition Polymerization 42
2.3.1 Ionic Polymerization 43
2.3.1.1 Anionic Polymerization 43
2.3.1.2 Cationic Polymerization 45
2.3.2 Coordination-Insertion Polymerization 48
2.3.3 Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization 49
2.3.3.1 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) 50
2.3.3.2 Reversible Addition/Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) 54
2.3.3.3 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) 55
2.4 Conclusion 57
References 57
3 Biomedical Polymers: Processing 63
3.1 Introduction 63
3.2 Thermal Processing 65
3.2.1 Thermoforming 65
3.2.2 Extrusion 66
3.2.3 Injection Molding 68
3.3 Solvent-Based Processing of Biomaterials 69
3.3.1 Electrospinning 70
3.3.2 Hollow Fiber Membranes 72
3.3.3 Porous Scaffolds 73
3.4 Solid Free Form Fabrication (SFF) 74
3.4.1 Stereolithography (SLA) 75
3.4.2 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 76
3.5 Conclusion 78
References 78