Cold Weather Concreting

Boris Alexandrovich Krylov, born in 1926, is a doctor of engineering, professor, and academician of the Academy of Architectural and Building Sciences of Russia, of the Russian Engineering Academy, and of the International Academy of Informatization. Dr. Krylov is an expert in the field of construction under extreme conditions, including Arctic and permafrost regions and regions with dry, hot climate, and in problems relating to acceleration of concrete hardening rate at precast concrete factories and at building sites. He is the author of more than 300 publications, inventions and patents. Dr. Krylov represented the U.S.S.R. at the Reunion Internationale des laboratoires d’essais et de recherches sur les materiaux et les constructions (RILEM) for many years, heading the Technical Committee on Winter Concreting (39-BH) in this organization. He presently is Deputy Director for Research of the Research Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete in Moscow and a professor at Moscow State University of Construction.

1. Winter Construction -- 1.1. Specific features of winter -- 1.2. Concreting in winter conditions -- 1.3. Problems of winter concreting -- 2. Effects of Frost on the Structure and Properties of Concrete -- 2.1. Modern views on the hardening of concrete -- 2.2. The phase state of water in concrete at different temperatures -- 2.3. The mechanism of deterioration of concrete due to early freezing -- 2.4. Precuring of concrete before freezing -- 2.5. Effects of early freezing on concrete properties -- 2.6. Concrete in the frozen state and its basic properties -- 3. Preparations for Concreting in Winter Conditions -- 4. Concretes Containing Antifreeze Admixtures -- 4.1. The principle of the method and its theory -- 4.2. Selection and assignment of antifreeze admixtures -- 4.3. Procedures -- 5. Thermos Curing -- 5.1. The principle and application of the thermos method -- 5.2. Placement and curing of concrete in structures built on permafrost ground -- 5.3. Curing and cooling of concrete in massive structures -- 6. Electric Contact Heating of Concrete -- 6.1. The principle and application of the method -- 6.2. Heaters for electric contact heating -- 6.3. Heating form works covered with a conductive materials -- 6.4. Application of electric contact heating of concrete -- 7. Electrode Heating of Concrete -- 7.1. Electric conductivity of concrete -- 7.2. Processes in concrete caused by electric current passing through it -- 7.3. Electrodes for electric heating of concrete -- 7.4. Processes at the interface of concrete and an electrode -- 7.5. Electric and thermal fields in electric heating -- 7.6. External mass exchange in electric heating -- 7.7. Electrode heating procedures -- 8. Electric Preheating of Concrete Mixtures -- 8.1. General considerations and the principle of the method -- 8.2. The theoretical background of the accelerated heating of concrete mixtures -- 8.3 Internal heat exchange during the accelerated electric heating of concrete -- 8.4. Changes in plastic properties of concrete caused by accelerated heating -- 8.5. Physico-mechanical properties of concrete subjected to accelerated heating -- 8.6. Equipment for electric preheating of concrete mixtures -- 8.7. Concreting procedures with preheated concrete mixtures -- 8.8. Preheating of concrete mixtures in truck mixers -- 9. Induction Heating of Concrete -- 9.1. The principle and application of the method -- 9.2. Determining basic parameters of heating -- 9.3. Induction heating of concrete in framed structures -- 10. Sealing Joints between Precast Units and between Precast and Cast-In-Place Members in Composite Construction -- 10.1. Specific features of joints between precast concrete units -- 10.2. Erection of precast concrete units -- 10.3. Curing of sealing concrete in joints -- 11. Curing of Cast-In-Place Concrete in Enclosures -- 11.1. The principle of the method and types of enclosures -- 11.2. Curing of concrete in enclosures -- 11.3. Air exchange in enclosures -- 11.4. Concreting in enclosures -- 12. Some Problems of Economics of Winter Concreting -- Appendices — Specific power values required to heat concrete -- References -- Index.