Microelectronics (eBook)

Maurizio Di Paolo Emilio is a Ph.D. in Physics and a Telecommunication Engineer. He has worked on various international projects in the field of gravitational wave research. Working as a software/hardware developer in the data acquisition system, he participated as the designer of the thermal compensation system (TCS) for the optical system used in the Virgo Experiment (an experiment for detection of the gravitational wave). Actually, He works in the X-ray field to design new devices about High Voltage X-ray and Microbeam for radiobiological and microscopy applications.Di Paolo Emilio is also the author of numerous publications on electronics design, data acquisition system via GSM, power supply and photovoltaic system.

Preface 10
Acknowledgments 16
Contents 18
1 Review of Microelectronics 21
1.1 Introduction 21
1.2 Basics of Semiconductor's Physics 21
1.2.1 PN Junction 23
1.3 Diode 25
1.4 Bipolar Transistor: Emitter Follower 27
1.5 MOS Transistor 30
1.6 Differential Amplifiers 33
1.7 Current Mirror 36
1.7.1 Ideal Current Mirror 37
1.7.2 Current Mirror BJT/MOS 37
References 38
2 Bipolar Transistor 39
2.1 Ebers–Moll Model 39
2.2 Operations Mode 41
2.3 Circuit Configurations 42
2.3.1 Common Base 42
2.3.2 Common Emitter 42
2.3.3 Common Collector 43
2.4 Characteristic Curves 43
2.5 Early Effect 44
2.6 Common Emitter Amplifier 44
2.7 Common Collector Amplifier 47
2.8 Common Base Amplifier 49
2.9 BJT in High Frequency 50
2.9.1 Transition Frequency 51
2.9.2 Miller Effect 51
2.9.3 Bandwidth of an Amplifier 52
References 54
3 MOSFET 55
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 General Characteristics of a MOSFET 55
3.3 Mosfet Power Control 57
3.4 Stage of Amplification 58
3.4.1 Common Source 59
3.4.2 Common Drain 61
3.4.3 Common Gate 61
References 63
4 Operational Amplifier 64
4.1 Introduction 64
4.2 Main Configuration 65
4.3 Real Operational Amplifier 66
4.4 Electrical Characteristics 68
4.5 Circuits with Operational Amplifier 69
References 73
5 Design PCB 74
5.1 Materials for Printed Circuits 74
5.2 Electrical Insulation on PCB 78
5.3 Routing PCB 80
5.4 PCB Embedded 81
5.4.1 Design Guidelines 83
References 84
6 Applications 85
6.1 Data Converter 85
6.2 DC–DC Converter 87
6.3 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor 89
6.3.1 IGBT IC 92
6.4 Rectifier Circuits 94
6.4.1 Bridge Rectifier Circuit 95
6.4.2 Design Considerations 97
6.4.3 Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator 98
6.5 Envelope Tracking 98
6.5.1 Block Diagram of the Traditional System 100
6.5.2 Envelope Tracking system 100
6.5.3 Test Solutions 103
6.6 CMOS Sensors 105
6.6.1 CMOS Technology 106
6.6.2 Components of a CMOS Sensor 106
6.6.3 Layout of the Active Pixel 107
6.6.4 Noise Sources 108
6.6.5 Commercial CMOS 108
6.7 4D Microelectronic 109
6.7.1 Indium Gallium Arsenide 109
6.7.2 Devices 110
6.8 Touch Screen 112
6.8.1 Controller IC 115
References 116
Index 117