Atmospheric and Space Sciences: Neutral Atmospheres (eBook)

1 A Brief Overview of Atmospheric and Space Sciences 1.1 Earth as a Special Habitat 1.2 Atmospheric and Space Sciences: Toward Unification1.3 International Activity in Atmosphere-Ionosphere Science1.4 Planetary Science Context 2 Introduction to Atmospheric Physics 2.1 Introduction to Earth’s Atmosphere2.2 Basic Atmospheric Parameters and Coordinate System2.3 Continuum Hypothesis2.4 Atmospheric Composition2.5 Universal Gravity2.6 Equation of State: Ideal Gas Law2.7 Thermodynamic Laws2.8 Heat Capacity2.9 Geopotential2.10 Hydrostatic Equilibrium2.11 Potential Temperature2.12 Atmospheric Stability2.13 Transport Phenomena2.14 Richardson Number2.15 Reynolds Number 3 Some Mathematical Basics: Conservation Laws3.1 Introduction3.2 Reference Frames in Fluid Dynamics3.3 Material Derivative3.4 Rotational Effects3.5 Conservation of Momentum3.6 Conservation of Energy 3.7 Conservation of Mass3.8 Incompressible Flow3.9 Governing Equations of Atmospheric Dynamics3.10 Vertical Coordinate System 4 Earth’s Atmosphere and Geospace Environment4.1 Sun-Earth Connection4.2 Sun4.3 Heliosphere4.4 Magnetosphere4.5 Plasmasphere4.6 The Atmosphere-Ionosphere System4.7 Neutral Atmosphere4.8 Ionosphere 5 Waves in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres5.1 Notion of Waves5.2 Introduction to Basic Wave Parameters5.3 Wave Equation5.4 Internal Waves5.5 Wave Generation5.6 Gravity Waves5.7 Large-Scale Waves5.8 Wave Decay5.9 Observation of Waves in the Atmosphere5.10 Effects of Waves in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres6 Atmospheric Circulation and Dynamical Processes6.1 Eddy and Vortex6.2 Radiative Equilibrium6.3 Concept of Circulation6.4 General Circulation6.5 General Circulation Modeling6.6 Circulation Patterns in the Atmosphere6.7 Eulerian Mean6.8 Transformed Eulerian Mean (TEM)6.9 Sudden Stratospheric Warming6.10 Atmospheric Vertical Coupling and Gravity Waves during SuddenWarmings Physical Constants and ParametersUseful Mathematical ToolsGlossaryIndex