Double Walled Piping: A Handbook for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry

Christopher G. Ziu, P.E. is an engineering and piping expert who was the inventor of DuoPro®, which received three patents and has been a multi-hundred-million dollar success. He is the author of Handbook of Double Containment Piping Systems.

1 Introduction
1.1 History of Double Containment Piping
1.2 Ground Water Technology and Ground Water Contamination
1.3 The Concept of Double Containment
1.4 Leak Detection and Monitoring
1.5 Design of Piping Systems
1.6 Design of Double Containment Piping Systems
2 Materials of Construction
2.1 Fundamentals of Metallic Corrosion
2.2 Metallic Materials Used in Chemical Services
2.3 Fundamentals of Nonmetallic Materials in Corrosive Media
2.4 Nonmetallic Materials Used in Piping and Tanks
2.5 Corrosion Testing Methods
2.6 Sources of Corrosion Data
3 System Selection
3.1 General Statements
3.2 Classification of Material Combinations
4 Fluid Dynamics and Sizing Analysis
4.1 General Fluid Considerations
4.2 Flow in Pressure Pipes
4.3 Pressure Flow in Annuli (Secondary Containment Piping Considerations)
4.4 Flow of Fluids in Chemical Process Sewer and DWV Piping
4.5 Gravity Flow in Annuli and Venting of Annuli
5 Design of Metallic Primary Components
5.1 Design Criteria and Conditions
5.2 Pressure Design of Primary (Core) Piping Components
5.3 Selecting Primary (Carrier) Piping Components for Fluid Services
5.4 Selecting Joining Methods for Fluid Services
5.5 Flexibility and Support
5.6 Auxiliary Piping Systems
6 Design of Nonmetallic Primary Components
6.1 Design Issues for Nonmetallic Primary Piping Components
6.2 Design Criteria for Nonmetallic Primary Piping Components
6.3 Pressure Design of Nonmetallic Primary Piping Components
6.4 Selecting Nonmetallic Piping Components for Fluid Services
6.5 Selecting Nonmetallic Piping Joining Methods for Primary Pipe Fluid Services
6.6 Flexibility and Support of Nonmetallic Primary Piping
7 Design of Secondary Containment Components (Metallic and Nonmetallic Materials)
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Conditions and Criteria for Secondary Containment Components
7.3 Design Criteria for Secondary Containment Components
7.4 Pressure Design of Secondary Containment Piping Components
7.5 Selecting Secondary Containment Piping Components and Joining Methods for Fluid Services
7.6 Secondary Containment Piping Support
7.7 Auxiliary Piping Systems
8 Thermal Expansion Considerations
8.1 Thermal Expansion
8.2 Axial Stress Calculations
8.3 Simplified and Comprehensive Stress Analysis
8.4 Stresses in Interconnecting Components
8.5 Totally Restrained Double Containment Piping Systems
8.6 Methods for Alleviation of Expansion and Contraction
8.7 Use of Heat Transfer as a Controlling Medium
8.8 Classification of Systems and Application of Compensation Techniques
9 Structural Considerations
9.1 General
9.2 Longitudinal Bending Analysis
9.3 Support of Primary Piping and Nonburied Assemblies
9.4 Burial Considerations
10 Heat Transfer in Double Containment Piping
10.1 General
10.2 Heat Transfer Theory Applied to Double Containment Pipe Assemblies
11 Layout Concepts for Double Containment Piping
11.1 Pressure Piping Systems
11.2 Layout Details for Double Containment Pressure Fittings
11.3 Nonpressure System Layout and General Underground Considerations
11.4 Layout Details of Double Containment Drainage Fittings
11.5 Petroleum Station Double Containment Piping Layout
11.6 Multiple-Primary-Pipe/Common Secondary Containment Pipe Systems
11.7 Valves and Valve Layout for Double Containment Piping Systems
12 Fabrication and Installation
12.1 Metallic Component Considerations
12.2 Nonmetallic Component Considerations
12.3 Double Containment Piping Installation Issues
13 Inspection, Examination, and Testing
13.1 Metallic Component Considerations
13.2 Nonmetallic Component Considerations
13.3 Considerations for Double Containment Assemblies
14 Associated Storage Tanks and Pressure Vessels
14.1 Overview
14.2 Storage Tanks (Nonpressure Vessels)
14.3 General Considerations for Underground Storage Tanks
14.4 Testing of Storage Tanks
14.5 Double-Wall Storage Tanks and Other Alternatives
14.6 Pressure Vessels
14.7 Internally Lined Tanks and Vessels
14.8 Associated Double Containment Piping
14.9 Double Containment Piping Connections to Associated Tanks and Vessels
15 Leak Detection
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Interstitial (Annular) Monitoring of Double Containment Piping
15.3 Internal Leak-Detection Methods
15.4 External Leak-Detection Techniques
16 Trenchless Installation and Alternatives to Secondary Containment Piping
16.1 Trenchless Reconstruction/Trenchless Construction
16.2 Impervious Barriers
16.3 Concrete Encasement
16.4 Concrete and Masonry RTRP Structures
16.5 Cathodic Protection for Coated Single-Walled Piping and Tanks.
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Index