An Introduction to Rheology

Sebastien Poncet is assistant Professor at Aix-Marseille University, M2P2 laboratory, Sections Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering. He graduated with MSc in physical oceanography in 2002 from ISITV and obtained a PhD in complex fluid mechanics in 2005 from Aix-Marseille University, IRPHE's laboratory. He was assistant lecturer at Aix-Marseille University between 2005 and 2006 and received a permanent position of Assistant Professor after that. His main fields of research concern experiments, numerical modelings and theoretical approaches of the fluid flow and heat transfer in rotating systems for turbomachinery or geophysical applications or for fundamental purposes. He recently began working on the simulation of mucus flow in the bronchial tree. He has published over thirty international journal papers, forty conference papers in national or international conferences, and seven industrial reports. He received two national prizes for his PhD dissertation on rotor-stator flows. Among his teaching activities, he provides an introductory course on rheology to students at the Energy and Thermal Engineering Department (GTE) of the University Institute of Technology (IUT) in Marseilles. Bikash Sahoo is an Assistant Professor at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India. He did his MSc in Mathematics from Sambalpur University and received his Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. He worked as a BOYSCAST fellow at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway. His areas of research are non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, numerical analysis, and differential equations. He has authored nearly seventeen journal papers with foreign collaborators and many conference papers. Recently he began working on non-Newtonian turbulence.

Introduction. The Genesis of Rheology. Rheology in Everyday Life: Concrete Examples. A Science between Fluid and Solid Mechanics. Definition of a Newtonian Fluid. Components of Rheological Behavior. Constitutive Equations and Rheological Behaviors. Shear Dependent Viscosity. Parameters Affecting Viscosity. Linear Viscoelasticity. Introduction. The Kelvin and Maxwell Methods. The Relaxation Spectrum. Oscillatory Shear. Relationships between Functions of Linear Viscoelasticity. Viscoelastic Instabilities. Extension to Nonlinear Viscoelasticity. Normal Stresses. Nature and Origin of Normal Stresses. Observable Consequences of Normal Stresses. Typical Behavior of Normal Stresses. Relations between Viscometric Functions and Linear Viscoelastic Functions. Extensional Viscosity. Introduction. Importance of Extension Flow. Theoretical Considerations. Experimental Consequences. High Extensional Viscosity Behavior. Viscometry. Different Families of Rheometers. Extensional Rheometry. Rotating Type Rheometers. Tube Type Viscometers. Yield Stress Measurements. Normal Stress Measurements. Oscillatory Shear Measurements. Extensional Flow Measurements. Online Measurements. Advanced Techniques for the Study of Local Flow Properties. Time and Space Resolved Measurements. Rheological Flow and Heat Transfer in Pipes. Introduction. Laminar Flow in Circular Pipes. Transition to the Turbulent Regime in Circular Pipes. Heat Transfer in Circular Pipes. Multiphase Mixtures. Extension to the Flow in Other Geometries. Non-Newtonian Boundary Layer Flows. Introduction. Integral Momentum Equation. Laminar Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer over a Flat Plate. Laminar Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer over a Disk. Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow over a Flat Plate. Extension to Real Flow Configurations. Exercises. Glossary. Annexes. References.