Waste-to-Energy (eBook)

Dr. Lisa Branchini is an Industrial Energy Systems R&D specialist in electricity and heat generation. Her research focus are innovative technologies for biomass & bioenergy systems, and their integration into the grid to improve the overall system efficiency.

Preface 6
Contents 10
List of Abbreviations 13
Part I 16
WTE State-of-the-Art 16
Chapter-1 17
Introduction 17
References 19
Chapter-2 20
Municipal Waste Overview 20
2.1 Municipal Solid Waste Definition and Management System Hierarchy 20
2.2 Overview on Waste Production and Disposal for European Countries 22
2.2.1 Overview on Municipal Solid Waste Production and Disposal in Italy 25
2.3 Average Costs of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill 26
References 29
Chapter-3 31
Waste-to-Energy 31
3.1 Basics of a WTE Power Plant 31
3.1.1 Waste Delivery and Storage Section 32
3.1.2 The Combustion Section 33
3.1.3 The Energy Recovery Section 38
3.1.3.1 Corrosion Protection 40
3.2 WTE Plant Distribution in the European Scenario 42
3.2.1 WTE Plant Efficiency in a Representative National Scenario 43
3.3 EU Regulation Framework Oriented to WTE Efficiency 45
References 48
Part II 49
WTE Thermodynamic Analysis 49
Chapter-4 50
Waste-to-Energy Steam Cycle 50
4.1 Steam Cycle State-of-the-Art Parameters and Layout 50
4.2 Steam Cycle Upgrade: Effects on Cycle Efficiency 55
4.3 New Designs for High-Efficient WTE Plant 60
References 64
Part III 66
WTE Advanced Cycles 66
Chapter-5 67
Waste-to-Energy and Gas Turbine: Hybrid Combined Cycle Concept 67
5.1 The HCC Concept 67
5.1.1 WTE-GT Steam/Waterside Integration 69
5.1.2 WTE-GT Windbox Integration 71
5.2 State-of-the-Art on Integrated WTE–GT 73
5.3 Existing WTE–GT Integrated Power Plants 74
5.3.1 Zabalgarbi WTE–GT Power Plant: The SENER Solution 75
5.3.2 Moerdijk WTE–GT Power Plant: The Dutch Solution 77
5.3.3 Takahama WTE–GT Power Plant: The Japanese Solution 78
References 79
Chapter-6 81
WTE–GT Steam/Waterside Integration: Thermodynamic Analysis on One Pressure Level 81
6.1 Thermodynamic Analysis of Steam Production 81
6.1.1 Influence of Evaporative Pressure and GT Outlet Temperature on Steam Production 86
6.2 Numerical Results 88
6.2.1 Optimum Plant Match in Terms of Electric Power Ratio 90
6.2.2 Traditional WTE vs. Integrated Plant: Steam Turbine Capacity 91
6.3 Conclusion 93
6.4 WTE–GT Proposed Layouts for a One Pressure Level HRSG 93
6.5 Comparative Results of WTE–GT One Pressure Level Integrated Layouts 114
References 119
Part IV 120
Performance and Efficiency Conversion Issues 120
Chapter-7 121
Performance Indexes and Output Allocation for Multi-fuel Energy Systems 121
7.1 Context 121
7.2 Performance Evaluation of an MF Energy System 123
7.2.1 MF Energy System Arrangement 123
7.2.2 Indexes for MF Energy System Performance Evaluation 124
7.2.2.1 First Law Efficiency 124
7.2.2.2 Electric Equivalent Efficiency 124
7.2.2.3 Relative SI 126
7.2.2.4 MF SI 127
7.2.3 Useful Output Allocation to Each ith Fuel 129
7.2.3.1 Allocation Approach #1 129
7.2.3.2 Allocation Approach #2 129
7.3 Application Example: Two-fuel Co-combustion Power Plant 130
7.4 Conclusions 133
References 134
Chapter-8 135
Specific Application Cases with GT Commercial Units 135
8.1 Midsize WTE Reference Steam Cycle 135
8.2 WTE Integration with GT Units: Investigated Layout Cases and Results 138
8.2.1 GT Unit Selection 140
8.2.2 WTE–GT Integrated Plant Numerical Results 141
8.3 Conclusion 146
References 147
Index 148