C Algorithms for Real-Time DSP

1. Digital Signal Processing Fundamental


1. Sequences 2. The Sampling Function 3. Samples Signal Spectra 4. Spectra of Continuous Time and Discrete Time Signals 5. Linear Time-Invariant Operators 8. Causality 10. Difference Equations 10. The z- Transform Description of Linear Operators 11. Frequency Domain Transfer Function of an Operator 14. Frequency Response from the z-Transform Description 15. Digital Filters 17. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters 18. Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters 21. Examples of Filter Responses 22. Filter Specifications 23. Discrete Fourier Transforms 25. Form 25. Properties 26. Power Spectrum 27. Averaged Periodograms 28. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 28. An Example of the FFT 30. Nonlinear Operators 32. m-Law and A-Law Compression 33. Probability and Random Processes 35. Basic Probability 35. Random Variables 36. Mean, Variance, and Gaussian Random Variables 37. Quantization of Sequences 40. Random Processes, Autocorrelation, and Spectral Density 42. Modeling Real-World Signals with AR Processes 43. Adaptive Filters and Systems 46. Wiener Filter Theory 48. LMS Algorithms 50. References 51.



2. C Programming Fundamentals 53.


The Elements of Real-Time DSP Programming 53. Variables and Data Types 56. Types of Numbers 56. Arrays 58. Operators 59. Assignment Operators 59. Arithmetic and Bitwise Operators 60. Combined Operators 61. Logical Operators 61. Operator Precedence and Type Conversion 62. Program Control 63. Conditional Execution: if-else 63. The Switch Statement 64. Single-Line Conditional Expressions 65. Loops: while, do-while, and for 66. Program Jumps: break, continue, and goto 67. Functions 69. Defining and Declaring Functions 69. Storage Class, Privacy, and Scope 71. Function Prototypes 73. Macros and the C Preprocessor 74. Conditional Preprocessor Directives 74. Aliases and Macros 75. Pointers and Arrays 77. Special Pointer Operators 77. Pointers and Dynamic Memory Allocation 78. Arrays of Pointers 80. Structures 82. Declaring and Referencing Structures 82. Pointers to Structures 84. Complex Numbers 85. Common C Programming Pitfalls 87. Array Indexing 87. Failure to Pass-by-Address 87. Misusing Pointers 88. Numerical C Extensions 90. Complex Data Types 90. Iteration Operators 91. Comments on Programming Style 92. Software Quality 93. Structured Programming 95. References 97.



3. DSP Microprocessors in Embedded Systems 98.


Typical Floating-Point Digital Signal Processors 99. AT&T DSP32C and DSP3210 100. Analog Devices ADSP-210XX 104. Texas Instruments TMS320C3X and TMS320C40 108. Typical Programming Tools for DSP 111. Basic C Compiler Tools 111. Memory Map and Memory Bandwidth Considerations 113. Assembly Language Simulators and Emulators 114. Advanced C Software Tools for DSP 117. Source Level Debuggers 117. Assembly-C Language Interfaces 120. Numeric C Compilers 121. ReaL-Time System Design Considerations 124. Physical Input/Output (Memory Mapped, Serial, Polled) 124. Interrupts and Interrupt- Driven I/O 125. Efficiency of Real-Time Compiled Code 128. Multiprocessor Architectures 130.



4. Real-Time Filtering 132.


Real-Time FIR and IIR Filters 132. FIR Filter Function 134. FIR Filter Coefficient Calculation 136. IIR Filter Function 145. Real-Time Filtering Example 151. Filtering to Remove Noise 158. Gaussian Noise Generation 158. Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement 160. Sample Rate Conversion 160. FIR Interpolation 163. Real-Time Interpolation Followed by Decimation 163. Real-Time Sample Rate Conversion 167. Fast Filtering Algorithms 168. Fast Convolution Using FFT Methods 170. Interpolation Using the FFT 176. Oscillators and Waveform Synthesis 178. IIR Filters as Oscillators 178. Table-Generated Waveforms 179. References 187.



5. Real-Time DSP Applications 186.


FFT Power Spectrum Estimation 186. Speech Spectrum Analysis 187. Doppler Radar Processing 190. Parametric Spectral Estimation 193. ARMA Modeling of Signals 193. AR Frequency Estimation 198. Speech Processing 200. Speech Compression 201. ADPCM (G.722) 202. Music Processing 218. Equalization and Noise Removal 218. Pitch-Shifting 220. Music Synthesis 225. Adaptive Filter Applications 228. LMS Signal Enhancement 228. Frequency Tracking with Noise 233. References 237.



Appendix -- DSP Functions Library and Programs.


Index.


Preface.