Wildlife and Wind Farms, Volume 2: Offshore

Wind farms are an essential component of global renewable energy policy and the action to limit the effects of climate change. There is, however, considerable concern over the impacts of wind farms on wildlife, leading to a wide range of research and monitoring studies. This two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview.

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Wind farms are an essential component of global renewable energy policy and the action to limit the effects of climate change. There is, however, considerable concern over the impacts of wind farms on wildlife, leading to a wide range of research and monitoring studies, a growing body of literature and several international conferences on the topic.



This unique two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions between wind farms and wildlife, each volume dedicated to one of the two branches in the industry: Volume 1: Onshore, and Volume 2: Offshore. Each volume shares common themes and threads within a common framework; Part 1 documenting the current knowledge of the impacts upon widlilfe - the conflicts - and Part 2 providing a state- -of- -the- - science guide to best practice to minimise or even eliminate impacts - the solutions.



Volume 2: Offshore is divided into two parts:



Part 1, Conflicts: Construction and operational effects includes chapters on the physical and chemical effects of wind farm construction; effects on microclimate and ocean circulation responses; seabed communities; fish; cetaceans; seals; migrating birds and bats; and seabirds.



Part 2, Solutions: Best practice, monitoring and mitigation has chapters on spatial planning for wildlife; seabed communities; fish; seabirds; telemetry of mobile species; monitoring marine mammals; mitigating the effects of noise for marine vertebrates; measuring and monitoring bird collision; mitigation for birds; and a chapter dedicated to the future of international planning and practice.



The authors have been carefully selected globally from the large number of academics and consultants now engaged in wind farm studies, for their influential contribution to the science. Each chapter includes informative figures, tables and photographs and detailed case studies.



This book is designed for practitioners, researchers, managers and for a range of students in higher education, particularly those involved with environmental, ecological, conservation, impact assessment and climate change studies.