Identity and Migration in Europe: Multidisciplinary Perspectives (eBook)

Foreword 6
Contents 9
Contributors 11
Chapter-1 14
Identity and Migration: An Introduction 14
1.1 Identity Construction and Transformation in Migration Processes 14
1.2 Synopsis of the Chapters 20
1.3 Conclusions 22
References 23
Part I 27
Identity and Cultural Diversity: Conceptual Entanglements 27
Chapter-2 28
Toward a New Lexicon and a Conceptual Grammar to Understand the “Multicultural Issue” 28
2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 The Contemporary Socio-Cultural Context and the Identitarian Dimension 29
2.3 The “Multicultural Issue” Closely Considered 31
2.4 Political-Institutional Consequences and Theoretical Perspectives 33
2.5 Towards a “Polydimensional and Cognitive Multiculturalism” 35
2.6 Conclusion 37
References 37
Chapter-3 40
Negotiation of Identities and Negotiation of Values in Multicultural Societies 40
References 47
Part II 48
Identity and Marginalization: Migrants as the Other 48
Chapter-4 49
Has Multiculturalism Failed in Europe? Migration Policies, State of Emergency, and Their Impact on Migrants’ Identities in Italy 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Multiethnic Societies 51
4.3 The Anomalous Identity of the Stranger: Neither Friend nor Enemy 52
4.4 The Erased Identity of the Exiled 53
4.5 Italian Migration Policies 55
4.6 Migration Policies in Italy in the Season of Humanitarian Emergencies: Between Compassion and Reason 56
4.7 The Rights and Duties of Migrants 58
4.8 The Debate on the Failure of Multiculturalism in Europe 60
4.9 Conclusions 65
References 67
Chapter-5 68
Intersectional Constructions of (Non-)Belonging in a Transnational Context: Biographical Narratives of Muslim Migrant Women in Germany 68
5.1 Hegemonic Constructions of Migrant Muslim Women’s Identity in the European Context 68
5.2 Three Biographical Narratives in Comparison: Life Stories of Moroccan, Turkish, and Kurdish Migrant Women 70
5.2.1 Dilara 71
5.2.2 Asiye 72
5.2.3 Samira 74
5.3 Concluding Remarks: Towards the Intersectional-hybrid Notion of Identity and Culture in the Transnational Migration Context 75
References 80
Part III 83
Identity and Rights: How Law Shapes Identity 83
Chapter-6 84
The Self and the Other in Post-modern European Societies 84
6.1 Introduction 84
6.2 The Concept of Identity 85
6.3 Informal and Formal Identity Building Processes 86
6.4 A Draft of the Genealogy of Modern Identity 88
6.5 The Dialectics of Self and Other in our Conceptual Structures 90
6.6 Human Rights as a Moral Source 91
6.7 Aporias of the European Human Rights Norms 94
6.8 Immigration and Otherness 98
6.9 Conclusions 99
References 101
Chapter-7 104
Processes of Constructing and Deconstructing Gender Identities in Contemporary Migrations 104
7.1 Introduction 104
7.2 The Invisible Frontier 105
7.3 Manipulated Identities 107
7.4 Performative Gender: Socially Negotiated Identities and Strategies of “Feminization” 110
7.5 A New Lexicon for Questioning Gender Categories: Cahllenging the Heteronormativity 111
7.6 Toward a LGBTIQWA Movement 112
7.7 Non-heterosexed, Non-heterosexual, Non-heteronormativized: From Identity Politics to a Post-Identitarian Strategy of Supportive Alliances and Inclusive Solidarity 115
7.8 Intra- and Inter-cultural Interactions as a Key to Gender Deconstruction 117
7.9 Gendered Citizenships 118
7.10 Toward a Different Model of Citizenship 120
References 123
Part IV 127
Identity and Home: Subjectivities on the Move 127
Chapter-8 128
Origins, Journey, and Home: The Issue of Identity in the Work of Three Diasporic “African-Indian” Women Writers 128
8.1 Introduction 128
8.2 Widening the Postcolonial Frame Through a Simplifying Definition 129
8.3 Nathacha Appanah: An Attempt to Escape from “Exoticized” Identities 133
8.4 Ananda Devi: Hybrid Identities as a Cure for Human Pain 137
8.5 Yasmin Alibhai-Brown: A Difficult Location of the Origins 141
8.6 Conclusions 146
References 151
Chapter-9 153
The Concept of Mobility in Migration Processes: The Subjectivity of Moving towards a Better Life 153
9.1 Introduction 153
9.2 Immigration and the Immigrant in Francoist Rhetoric: The Fear of Unsupervised Movement 154
9.3 The Who and How of Migration: Private Lives between Social Capital and Social Networks 156
9.4 The Why of Migration: Subjective Aspects of Moving Towards a Better Life 160
References 163
Legislation 164
Part V 165
Identity and Membership: Where to Belong 165
Chapter-10 166
An Artistic Journey Through the Experiences of Refugee and Migrant Women in London 166
10.1 Introduction 166
10.2 Notes About the Shooting 167
10.3 Conclusion 176
References 176
Chapter-11 177
Between Territoriality, Identity, and Politics: The External Vote of Ecuadorians in Madrid 177
11.1 Introduction 177
11.2 Political Transnationalism: The Theoretical Framework 178
11.3 External Voting and its Consequences: An Open Debate 179
11.4 The Ecuadorian Diaspora and the Concession of the External Vote Right 182
11.5 External Vote Participation 183
11.6 Political Life and Transnationalism 184
11.7 Transnational Vote 186
11.8 Identity and Membership 187
11.9 Conclusions 188
References 191
Part VI 193
Identity and Differentiation: Strategies of (Dis)Identification 193
Chapter-12 194
When Your CV is “To Be a Latina Woman”: Re-articulation of Stereotypes and Re-construction of Identity of Ecuadorian Women Working in the Care Sector 194
12.1 Introduction 194
12.2 Cultural Dimensions of the Feminized Influx of Ecuadorian Migrant Women in the Spanish Labor Market 197
12.3 Structural Dimensions Limiting Access to The Spanish Labor Market 200
12.4 Agency Dimensions in the Construction of Careers and Identity 203
12.5 Conclusion 206
References 207
Chapter-13 210
Negotiating Identity: How Religion Matters After All for Migrants and Refugees in Luxemburg 210
13.1 Introduction: Studying Muslims in Luxemburg 210
13.2 Is Religion the Main Differentiation Marker in The Balkan Context? 211
13.3 Identification as the Establishment and Maintenance of Social and Symbolic Boundaries: The Case of Muslim Migrants and Refugees from the Balkans in Luxemburg 214
13.3.1 Intra-Muslim Differentiation 216
13.3.2 The Relationality Issue: About the Difficulty of Certain Markers 218
13.4 Non-Ethnic and Non-Religious Markers: Rural-Urban Differentiation 219
13.5 Self-Identification Through Moral Differentiation: Performing Morality and Decency 220
13.6 How Religion Matters After All 221
13.7 Conclusion 223
References 224
Part VII 227
Identity and Symbols: Oppositional Self-Representations 227
Chapter-14 228
Veiling and Revealing Identity: The Linguistic Representation of the Hijab in the British Press 228
14.1 Introduction 228
14.2 Islam in Britain 229
14.3 The Hijab Between Misconceptions and Lived Experiences 231
14.4 Conceptual Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistic 233
14.5 Methodology 235
14.6 Same Target Domain, but Different Mappings in the Two Social Varieties 236
14.6.1 Ontological Metaphors 236
14.6.2 Structural Metaphor 241
14.7 Same Target Domains, Different Source Domains 243
14.8 Unique Metaphors in Each Social Variety 244
14.9 Conclusions 245
References 246
Press 248
Chapter-15 249
Narratives of Spanish Muslim Women on the Hijab as a Tool to Assert Identity 249
15.1 Introduction 249
15.2 Methodology 250
15.3 What Does Wearing the Hijab Mean to Muslim Women? “I Don’t Like Anyone to Force Me to Put it on or to Take it Off i’m Free to Do What I Want” 252
15.4 How Stereotypes and Discrimination Affect Their Identity 256
15.5 Concluding Remarks 262
References 264
Index 267