Electrical and Electronic Principles (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Electrical and Electronic Principles 2 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Preface 6
Read this introduction before going any further 10
CHAPTER 1. UNITS AND DEFINITIONS 12
System of units 12
Fundamental dimensions 12
Derived units 13
Electrical units 14
Radian measure 16
Symbols 16
Problems for Section 1 17
CHAPTER 2. SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS 19
Ohm's law 19
Arrangements of resistors 20
Internal resistance 25
Power in a circuit 26
Problems for Section 2 27
CHAPTER 3. ELECTRICAL NETWORKS 29
The Superposition Theorem 29
Kirchhoff's laws 31
Potential dividers 35
Problems for Section 3 37
CHAPTER 4. CAPACITORS AND CAPACITANCE 39
Flux density 40
Electric force 40
Permittivity 41
The capacitor 42
Problems for Section 4 45
CHAPTER 5. CAPACITORS IN CIRCUIT 47
Capacitors in series 47
Capacitors in parallel 49
Energy in a charged capacitor 50
Practical capacitor construction 51
Problems for Section 5 52
CHAPTER 6. MAGNETISM AND MAGNETISATION 54
Electromagnetism 55
Definition of unit current 55
The solenoid 56
Permeability 57
Magnetisation curves 58
Magnetic hysteresis 60
Hysteresis loss 61
Problems for Section 6 62
CHAPTER 7. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 64
The generator principle 66
The motor principle 67
Self-inductance 68
Inductance of a coil 69
The transformer principle 70
Energy stored in an inductance 71
Problems for Section 7 72
CHAPTER 8. ALTERNATING VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS 74
Measurement of alternating quantities 75
The a.c. generator principles 76
Phasors 77
Phase 78
Addition and subtraction of sine waves 80
Problems for Section 8 82
CHAPTER 9. MAGNETIC CIRCUITS 83
Series magnetic circuits 84
Circuits with air gap 86
Magnetic circuit materials 88
Magnetic screening 88
Problems for Section 9 89
CHAPTER 10. REACTANCE AND IMPEDANCE 90
Circuit with resistance 90
Circuit with inductance 91
Inductive impedance 93
Circuit with capacitance 95
Capacitive impedance 98
Problems for Section 10 99
CHAPTER 11. POWER AND RESONANCE 101
Power in a.c. circuits 101
Power in series circuits 104
Resonance in a series circuit 105
Reactance curves 107
Voltages at resonance 108
Problems for Section 11 109
CHAPTER 12. A.C. TO D.C. CONVERSION 111
A.C. to d.c. conversion 111
Rectifiers and rectification 112
Smoothing 116
Problems for Section 12 116
CHAPTER 13. INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS 117
Moving coil meter 117
Moving iron meter 118
Shunts and multipliers 119
Connections and errors 121
Measurement of resistance 122
The d.c. potentiometer 125
Alternating current measurements 126
Rectified instruments 127
Problems for Section 13 128
CHAPTER 14. PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 131
Open-loop and closed-loop system 131
Characteristics of control systems 133
Automatic control 134
Temperature control 135
Transient and steady-state behaviour 136
Hysteresis 137
Position control 137
Stability 139
Problems for Section 14 142
CHAPTER 15. ELEMENTS OF DATA TRANSMISSION 144
Analogue and digital quantities 144
Data transmission 145
Transmission methods 147
Modulated data transmissions 154
Modems 155
Channel capacity and encoding 155
Serial and parallel transmission 157
RS232C interface 159
Problems for Section 15 161
SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS 163
INDEX 174