Optical Fibres (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Optical Fibres 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 12
Foreword 6
NOTE ON CITED PATENT DOCUMENTS 10
PART ONE: MAKING OF OPTICAL FIBRES 16
CHAPTER I. Manufacture of Optical Fibres 18
INTRODUCTION 19
SECTION A : PRODUCTION OF PREFORMS 21
SECTION B : DRAWING OF OPTICAL FIBRES 105
SECTION C : POST-TREATMENT OF OPTICAL FIBRES 135
CHAPTER II. Materials Used in the Production of Optical Fibres 154
INTRODUCTION 155
SECTION A : (DOPED) SILICA FIBRES 155
SECTION B : OXIDE GLASSES NOT CONTAINING SILICA 165
SECTION C : MULTICOMPONENT GLASS 170
SECTION D : N0N-0XIDE GLASS 185
PART TWO: CONNECTORS, TERMINALS, BRANCHES 192
CHAPTER I. The Background to Connector Design 194
1. INTRODUCTION 194
2. CRITERIA AND PROBLEMS 194
3. KINDS OF ENERGY LOSS 195
4. KINDS OF CONNECTOR : SPLICES, DEMOUNTABLE CONNECTORS 197
REFERENCES TO CHAPTER I 198
PATENT REFERENCE 198
CHAPTER II. Fibre End Preparation 200
1. REMOVING PROTECTIVE LAYERS 200
2. MECHANICAL STRIPPING 200
3. CHEMICAL STRIPPING OR NON-MECHANICAL STRIPPING 203
4. CLEAVING OR CUTTING AN OPTICAL FIBRE 204
REFERENCES TO CHAPTER II 210
PATENT REFERENCES 210
CHAPTER III. Splices (Permanent Connections) 212
1. FUSION SPLICES 213
2. ALIGNMENT OF FIBRE ENDS BEFORE SPLICING 216
3. REINFORCEMENT OF SPLICE JOINTS 221
4. MECHANICAL SPLICES 223
5. SPLICE BOXES AND SURPLUS FIBRE STORAGE 232
REFERENCES TO CHAPTER III 238
PATENT REFERENCES 238
CHAPTER IV. Ferrule Type Demountable Connectors 240
1. FERRULE FITTING PROCESSES FERRULE DETAILS
2. CONNECTING A PAIR OF FERRULES 250
3. CONNECTING A PLURALITY OF PAIRS OF FERRULES 259
REFERENCES TO CHAPTER IV 269
PATENT REFERENCES 269
CHAPTER V. Connectors Using Guide Surfaces 272
1. ALIGNMENT BY GROOVES 273
2. ALIGNMENT BY RODS 274
3. ALIGNMENT BY BALLS 284
4. ALIGNMENT BY PRECISION BORE OR TUBE 286
PATENT REFERENCES TO CHAPTER V 287
CHAPTER VI. Expanded Beam Connectors 290
1. EXPANDED BEAM CONNECTORS 290
PATENT REFERENCES TO CHAPTER VI 303
CHAPTER VII. Simple Multiport Couplers 304
1. INTRODUCTION 305
2. "T" COUPLERS AND DUPLEX COUPLERS 307
3. "Y" COUPLERS 309
4. THREE OR FOUR PORT COUPLERS USING REFLECTIVE SURFACES 312
5. DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS USING LATERAL COUPLING 315
6. COUPLING LIGHT THROUGH AFIBRE BEND OR LOOP 318
7. STAR COUPLERS 321
REFERENCES TO CHAPTER VII 328
PATENT REFERENCES 328
CHAPTER VIII. Multiplexers, Demultiplexers 330
1. INTRODUCTION 330
2. USING PRISMS 331
3. USING WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE FILTERS 332
4. USING DIFFRACTION GRATINGS 338
PATENT REFERENCES TO CHAPTER VIII 343
PART THREE: OPTICAL FIBRE TRANSMISSION 344
CHAPTER I. Optical Fibre Transmission 346
1. FIBRE PROPAGATION 346
2. MODULATION AND MULTIPLEXING 356
3. TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 365
CHAPTER II. Transmitters for Optical Fibres 368
INTRODUCTION 369
1. THE LED AS AN OPTICAL SOURCE 370
2. THE LASER AS AN OPTICAL SOURCE 374
3. A GENERAL COMPARISON BETWEEN LED'S AND LASERS 384
4. THE MULTIPLEXING DIODE 384
5. THE DRIVER 385
6. OPTICAL TRANSMITTER LINEARIZATION 393
7. OPTICAL TRANSMITTER TEMPERATURE STABILIZATION 409
8. REDUCING SOME LASER IMPAIRMENTS 427
9. IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE TRANSMITTER 431
10. OPTICAL TAPS AND FEEDBACK SIGNALS 444
CHAPTER III. Optical Fibre Receivers 452
INTRODUCTION 453
1. DIRECT DETECTION (BASEBAND OR INCOHERENT DETECTION) 454
2. OPTICAL DEMODULATION 462
3. OPTICAL FIBRE DETECTOR/ PREAMP REALIZATIONS 464
4. FULL FIBRE-OPTIC RECEIVER REALIZATION 482
5. THE AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL 491
6. DC COUPLING OR AC COUPLING 516
7. IMPROVING THE DYNAMIC RANGE 527
8. IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE RECEIVER 532
CHAPTER IV. Optical Repeaters 542
INTRODUCTION 542
1. PURELY OPTICAL REPEATERS 543
2. DEMODULATING OPTICAL REPEATERS 556
3. REPEATER REMOTE POWERING 561
CHAPTER V. Optical Transceivers 566
1. INTRODUCTION 566
2. WAVELENGTH DIVISION DUPLEX 567
3. TIME DIVISION DUPLEX (HALF DUPLEX) 577
4. POLARIZATION DUPLEX 593
V COMPENSATING ARRANGEMENTS 594
6. RETROREFLECTION 600
LIST OF CITED PATENT DOCUMENTS 602
LIST OF PATENTEES 624
Subject Index 648