Power Line Communications

Lutz Lampe, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. Dr Lampe received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Erlangen, Germany, in 2002. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 2007 and Professor in 2010. His main research interests lie in the areas of communications and information theory applied to wireless and power-line transmission. Dr. Lampe was awarded the prestigious UBC Killam Research Prize in 2008. He is an Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, and an Editor for the International Journal on Electronics and Communications. Andrea Tonello, Professor, Wireless and Power Line Communications Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Mechanical and Management Engineering, Università di Udine, Italy. Dr Tonello received the doctor of enginering degree in electronics and the doctor of research degree in telecommunications from the University of Padova. His research activity focuses on wireless and power line communications with emphasis to PHY and MAC layers. The main research areas include Next generation wireless systems, Next Generation wireless systems, Power Line Communications, and Smart Grids. Theo G. Swart, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Dr Swart received the D. Ing. degree in 2006 from the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Since 2007, he has been employed as a Senior Researcher with the Telecommunications Research Group, University of Johannesburg. His research interests include digital communications, power-line communications, and error-correction coding.

1 List of Contributors Preface xv


List of Acronyms xvii

Introduction xix

1.1 What is a Name? 1

1.2 Historical Notes 2

1.3 About the Book 4

References 6

2 Channel Characterization 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Channel Modeling Fundamentals 10

2.3 Models for Low Voltage (LV) Channels: Outdoor and Indoor Case 31

2.4 Models for Medium Voltage (MV) Channels 75

2.5 Models for Outdoor Channels: High Voltage Case 86

2.6 MIMO Channels 102

2.7 Noise and Interference 122

2.8 Reference Channel Models and Software 138

2.9 Channels in other Scenarios 140

References 165

3 Electromagnetic Compatibility 175

3.1 Introduction 175

3.2 Parameters for EMC Considerations 176

3.3 Electromagnetic Emission 182

3.4 Electromagnetic Susceptibility 186

3.5 EMC Coordination 188

3.6 EMC Standardization and Regulation in Europe 194

3.7 Coupling Between Power Line and other Wireline Communications Systems 203

3.8 Final Remarks 217

References 219

4 Coupling 221

4.1 Introduction 221

4.2 Coupling Networks 225

4.3 LV Coupling 245

4.4 HV Coupling 250

4.5 MV Coupling 253

4.6 Summary 255

References 256

5 Digital Transmission Techniques 259

5.1 Introduction 259

5.2 Single Carrier Modulation 260

5.3 Multicarrier Modulations 286

5.4 Current and Voltage Modulations 306

5.5 Ultra-wideband Modulation 323

5.6 Impulse Noise Mitigation 328

5.7 MIMO Transmission 341

5.8 Coding Techniques 356

References 373

6 Medium Access Control and Layers Above in PLC 383

6.1 Introduction 383

6.2 MAC Layer Concepts 384

6.3 Protocols for Different Power Line Communications Applications and Domains386

6.4 Multiple-User Resource Allocation 404

6.5 Cooperative Power Line Communications 426

References 442

7 PLC for Home and Industry Automation 449

7.1 Introduction 449

7.2 Home and Industry Automation Using PLC 450

7.3 Popular Home Automation Protocols 451

7.4 Power Line Communication Application for Refrigeration Containers Ships 455

7.5 Windowed Frequency Hopping System AMIS CX1-Profile 462

7.6 DigitalSTROM@ 468

7.7 Conclusion 470

References 471

8 Multimedia PLC Systems 473

8.1 Introduction 473

8.2 QoS Requirements for Multimedia Traffic 473

8.3 Optimizing PLC for Multimedia 477

8.3.1 Overall Design Considerations for Multimedia PLC 477

8.4 Standards on Broadband PLC-Networking Technology 479

8.5 The IEEE 1901 Broadband over Power Line Standard 479

8.6 Performance Evaluation 494

8.7 HomePlug AV2 497

8.8 ITU-T G.996x (G.hn) 499

References 508

9 PLC for Smart Grid 511

9.1 Introduction 511

9.2 Standards 519

9.3 Regulation 536

9.4 Applications 545

9.5 Conclusions 561

References 562

10 PLC for Vehicles 567

10.1 Introduction 567

10.2 Advantages of PLC 567

10.3 Studies of PLC for Vehicles 568

10.4 Challenges for PLC 573

10.5 An Experimental Implementation 578

10.5.1 Vehicle PLC Testbed 579

10.6 Alternative to and Integration of PLC 583

References 585

11 Conclusions 589