CAD84 (eBook)

Front Cover 1
CAD84: 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Computers in Design Engineering 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
FOREWORD 12
CHAPTER 1. CAD/CAM: Past, requirements, trends 14
1 . RETROSPECT 14
2. EVOLUTION 15
3. FORECAST 18
CHAPTER 2. A VERSATILE AND ACCESSIBLE USER INTERFACE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 20
REFERENCES 23
CHAPTER 3. LANGUAGE FOR DEFINITION AND MANIPULATION OF PARAMETRIC GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION 28
CHAPTER 4. IDIM-AN INTERACTIVE DATA IN PUT MODEL 29
INTRODUCTION 29
OBOECTIVES 31
BASIC IDEAS AND MODEL STRUCTURE 31
HOW TO USE THE IDIM 33
CONCLUSIONS 33
REFERENCES 33
CHAPTER 5. On Design of the Drawing System to Support Various Styles and Practices 36
ABSTRACT 36
KEYWORDS 36
1 Introduction 36
2 Open-Endedness of Drawing Operations 37
3 Limitation on Extending Current Drawing Systems 39
4 Design Notes of an Extensible Drawing System 40
5 Tailoring the System for Various Requirements 44
6 Conclusion 48
Acknowledgement 49
References 49
CHAPTER 6. AUTOMATED DRAWING AND COST ESTIMATION PROGRAM FOR PLATFORM FRAME CONSTRUCTION: HOUSE24 51
INTRODUCTION 51
APPLICATION SCOPE 52
PROGRAM FUNCTIONS OUTLINE 52
INPUT DATA ITEMS 53
PRODUCING DRAWINGS 54
ESTIMATION PROCESS 55
CONCLUSION 56
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 56
CHAPTER 7. HILO-2 - A SYSTEM TO BUILD ON 61
INTRODUCTION 61
LEVELS OF DESCRIPTION 62
STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTIONS 63
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS 67
DISCUSSION 71
MARKETING PHILOSOPHY 72
CHAPTER 8. TIME DOMAIN TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE SIMULATION OF MOS ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS 74
INTRODUCTION 74
THE PROGRAM FEATURES 75
EXAMPLE OF USING MOST 78
CONCLUSION 78
REFERENCES 78
CHAPTER 9. CADIC : AN EFFICIENT INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN AID 80
INTRODUCTION 80
HARDWARE 81
SOFTWARE 81
CONCLUSION 84
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 84
REFERENCES 85
CHAPTER 10. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF TIMBER SPACE FRAMES 87
INTRODUCTION 87
PROBLEM FORMULATION 88
FORMULATION OF THE LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM 90
CHAPTER 11. Formulating the Nonlinear Problem in Linear Form 94
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADING 94
EXAMPLE STRUCTURES 95
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 96
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 97
REFERENCES 97
CHAPTER 12. INTERACTIVE RELIABILITY-BASED OPTIMUM CAD OF FRAMED STRUCTURES 102
INTRODUCTION 102
PROBLEM FORMULATION 103
OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM 104
CONCLUSION 107
REFERENCES 107
CHAPTER 13. INTERACTIVE SYNTHESIS OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES 110
INTRODUCTION 110
ASSUMPTIONS 111
PRORAM DESCRIPTION 112
SUMMARY 112
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 112
REFERENCES 113
CHAPTER 14. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEARCH TECHNIQUES FOR THE OPTIMISATION OF PLANEFRAMES WITH BENDING MOMENT CONSTRAINTS 117
INTRODUCTION 117
MEMBER-LEVEL OPTIMISATION 119
PLANEFRAME OPTIMISATION 120
CONCLUSIONS 120
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 121
REFERENCES 121
CHAPTER 15. RECURSIVELY GENERATED B-SPLINE SURFACES 125
THE RECURSIVE SUBDIVISION TECHNIQUE 125
MATRIX ANALYSIS 126
CONTINUITY CONDITIONS 128
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 129
REFERENCES 129
CHAPTER 16. NON-NODAL INTERPOLATION AN IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR THE UNIFORM B-SPLINE METHOD 133
INTRODUCTION 133
PROBLEM AND PROOF 134
ALGORITHM 135
OTHER FUNCTIONS 137
SUMMARY 138
REFERENCES 138
CHAPTER 17. A DESIGN SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTS WITH SCULPTURED SURFACES 143
1. INTRODUCTION 143
2. STORAGE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DATA BASE 143
3. METHODS FOR DEFINING CURVES 144
4. METHODS FOR DEFINING SURFACES 144
5. CALCULATIONS ON CURVES 145
6. CALCULATIONS ON SURFACES 145
7. THE USER INTERFACE 146
8. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION 146
9. ADVANTAGES OVER EXISTING SYSTEMS 146
10. ACKONWLEDGEMENTS 146
REFERENCES 146
CHAPTER 18. SURFACE FITTING USING BOUNDARY DATA 150
1. INTRODUCTION 150
2. INTRODUCTORY EXAMPLES 151
3. USING CUBICS 154
4. EXTENDING THE METHOD 156
5. SOME EXAMPLES 157
6. CONCLUSIONS 157
REFERENCES 157
CHAPTER 19. THE IMPACT OF CAD ON ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE -CHALLENGES, BENEFITS AND PROSPECTS 161
CHAPTER 20. THE ORGANISATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF CAAD 169
KEYWORDS 169
THE CASE-STUDIES 169
CASE-STUDY 1: SCOTTISH SPECIAL HOUSING ASSOCIATION 169
CASE-STUDY 2: OXFORD REGIONAL HEALTH AUTHORITY 170
LESSONS OF THE CASE-STUDIES 171
LESSONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 174
REFERENCES 177
CHAPTER 21. A COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TECHNIQUE FOR THE APPRAISAL OF DOMESTIC ACTIVITY SPACES 178
INTRODUCTION 178
THE NUMERICAL APPRAISAL MODEL 179
THE COMPUTER APPLICATION 184
CONCLUSIONS 186
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 187
REFERENCES 187
CHAPTER 22. AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE DAYLIGHT EVALUATION CHART 195
INTRODUCTION 195
THE WALDRAM DIAGRAM 195
THE MIDTOWN DAYLIGHT EVALUATION CHART 196
PROBLEMS WITH THE DAYLIGHT EVALUATION CHART 197
THE SOM RECTILINEAR CHART 197
AUTOMATIC SCORING 198
CONCLUSION 199
FOOTNOTES 199
CHAPTER 23. A HIERARCHICAL MACHINE DESIGN SYSTEM HIMADES-1 BASED ON THE STRUCTURE MODEL FOR MACHINE 206
INTRODUCTION 206
STRUCTURE MODEL 207
DIMENSION MATCHING AND MOTION ANALYSIS 209
SOME EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION 212
CONCLUSION 213
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 213
REFERENCES 213
CHAPTER 24. THE LINKA INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS SYSTEM AND ITS TPVR PROGRAM 221
INTRODUCTION 221
THE LINKA SYSTEM 221
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE LINKA SYSTEM 222
THE TPVR PROGRAM 223
DIMENSIONING 224
EXAMPLE 224
CONCLUSION 224
REFERENCE 225
CHAPTER 25. DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF A CADCAM SYSTEM FOR COMPLEX SURFACES 230
MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND OF SYSTRID 230
A COMPUTER INDEPENDENT, GRAPHIC SCREEN INDEPENDENT SYSTEM 231
USE AND APPLICATION OF SYSTRID 232
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 235
CHAPTER 26. WINSOM - a general surface drawing program 236
CHAPTER 27. CAPITOL : A LOW COST 3-D MODELLING AND VISUALIZATION SYSTEM FOR INTERIOR DESIGNERS AND ARCHITECTS 237
INTRODUCTION 237
DESIGN CRITERIA 238
THE USER SPACE 239
CHOICE OF WIRE FRAMES 240
COMMANDS GENERALLY 241
COMMANDS RELATING TO THE POSITIONING OF OBJECTS 242
PROCESSING SPEED 243
CONCLUSIONS 243
CHAPTER 28. INTERROGATING SOLID MODELS 249
INTRODUCTION 249
Acknowledgements 253
References 253
CHAPTER 29. RSC: A CALCULUS OF SHAPES 257
1 INTRODUCTION 257
2 R-SETS 257
3 LIMITATIONS OF R-SETS 258
4 S-SETS 260
5 REALIZABLE SHAPE CALCULUS (RSC) 261
6 CONCLUSION 263
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 263
REFERENCES 264
CHAPTER 30. A DIMENSION BASED PARAMETRIC DESIGN SYSTEM 265
INTRODUCTION 265
PROCEDURAL vs. DECLARATIVE SYSTEMS 266
TEXT vs. PICTURES 266
THE MEDUSA CONTEXT 267
THE MEDUSA PARAMETRIC SYSTEM 267
CONCLUSIONS 271
REFERENCES 271
CHAPTER 31. AN EXPERIMENT PACKAGE POR GEOMETRIC MODELLING OF MECHANISMS 273
INTRODUCTION 273
DEFINITION OF PIVTS AND KINEMATIC LINKAGE 276
OPERATING MODE AND AUAILIARY FUNCTIONS 278
FURTHER WORKS 279
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 279
REFERENCES 280
CHAPTER 32. FRAME TIMING TECHNIQUES FOR THE DYNAMIC DESCRIPTION OF KINEMATICALLY ASSEMBLED MECHANISMS 284
ABSTRACT 284
BACKGROUND 285
FRAME TIMING TECHNIQUE 286
VELOCITY DIAGRAMS 286
VELOCITY RATIO ASSEMBLY FOR EVENT 287
KINEMATIC ENERGY CALCULATION FOR SYSTEM 288
FRAME VELOCITY AND TIME INCREMENTS 289
EVENT DISCONTINUITIES 289
COMPARISION OF RESULTS OBTAINED ON THE SACK HANDLING MECHANISM 289
CONCLUSIONS 290
References 290
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 290
CHAPTER 33. OPTIMUM KINEMATIC DESIGN OF MACHINE TOOL GEAR BOXES 299
INTRODUCTION 299
SOLUTION PROCEDURE 301
CASE STUDIES AND RESULTS 302
CONCLUSIONS 303
LIST OF SYMBOLS 303
REFERENCES 304
CHAPTER 34. A. APPLICATION OF GR... THEORY IN FLOTTING FINITE ELEMENT MESH 311
INTRODUCTION 311
FINITE ELEMENT MESH 311
EULER GEAPH AND UNICURSAL GRAPH 312
ALGORITHM TO TRACS THE UNICURSAL LINES 313
CONCLUSION 314
ACKNOWLDGEMENT 314
REFERENCES 314
CHAPTER 35. GAME: AN INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC MESH GENERATION 320
INTBODUCTION 320
AUTOMATIC MESH GENERATORS : EXISTING SYSTEMS SURVET 320
GEOMETRIC MODELING 324
CONCLUSION 325
REFERENCES 326
CHAPETR 36. DESIGN OPTIMISATION - A MODULAR INTERACTIVE APPROACH 329
INTRODUCTION 329
SENSITIVITY DERIVATION 330
GENERAL SENSITIVITY PROGRAM 331
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 331
SENSITIVITY INDICATORS 332
CONCLUSION 333
REFERENCES 333
CHAPTER 37. A TOOL FOR COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF DATA BASE APPLICATIONS 338
CONTENTS 338
REFERENCES 338
1. INTRODUCTION 339
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 340
3. USER ORIENTED DESCRIPTION 340
4. EXPERIENCES OF USE 346
5. IMPROVEMENTS 351
CHAPTER 38. EFFECTIVE, HIGHLY INTERACTIVE CAD-SYSTEM FOR MAKING ISOMETRIC PIPING-DRAWINGS PROGRAMMED FOR DESK TOP COMPUTERS 352
INTRODUCTION 352
THE PIPEMATIC CAD SYSTEM 353
EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEM 356
EXPERIENCES IN USING THE SYSTEM 357
CHAPTER 39. END-USER ORIENTED DESIGN OF A FLOWSHEETING COMPUTER AID IN MINERALS PROCESSING 361
INTRODUCTION 361
GENFLOW - Design approach 362
IMPACT OF CONCEPT-CENTRED APPROACH ON PROGRAM DESIGN 364
CONCLUSION 371
References 371
CHAPTER 40. THE NEXT GENERATION IN PROCESS PLANT CAD 373
CURRENT STATUS OF PROCESS PLANT CAD 373
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 375
CHAPTER 41. ISOSTEEL - AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR LOAD BEARING STEELWORK ANALYSIS & DESIGN
HISTORY 380
PHILOSOPHY 381
SCOPE 382
TYPES OF STRUCTURE 383
THE DEVELOPMENT TEAM 383
SOFTWARE 384
SETTING UP A TYPICAL PROJECT 387
BENEFITS 387
ISOSTEEL IN USE 388
REFERENCES 389
CHAPTER 42. FLEXIBILITY IN CAPP THROUGH SYSTEM DESIGN 398
INTRODUCTION 398
METHODOLOGY OF EXISTING SYSTEMS 399
THE CONSTRUCTIVE CAPP SYSTEM 400
CONCLUSIONS 403
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 403
REFERENCES 403
CHAPTER 43. COMERCIAL PIPING CAD DATABASES 407
1. INTRODUCTION 407
2. DESCRIBING PIPE 408
3. COMMERCIAL CAD PIPING DATABASES 411
4. CONCLUSIONS 422
5. REFERENCES 424
CHAPTER 44. ACCOMMODATING A TURNKEY CAD/CAM SYSTEM TO ORGANIZATIONAL NEEDS 426
INTRODUCTION 426
ELECTRONIC CAD/CAM SYSTEMS 426
SYSTEM STRUCTURE 427
PARTS DATA BASE 427
DATA INPUT AND CHECKING 428
INTERACTIVE DESIGN 429
USER-WRITTEN POST-PROCESSORS 429
CONCLUSION 431
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 431
REFERENCES 431
CHAPTER 45. AUTOMODL, A 3D MODELLER FOR WELDED STEEL STRUCTURES 435
INTRODUCTION 435
COMPONENTS 436
AUTOMODEL AS THE USER SEE IT 436
THE TOPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION 437
FULL INTEGRATION OF PLANE AND SCULPTURED SURFACES 438
THE MODELLER AND THE DOCUMENTATION SYSTEM 438
CONCLUSION 438
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 438
REFERENCES 439
CHAPTER 46. A MULTI-DISCIPLINE AND INTEGRATED FACILITY FOR MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION OF ENGINEERING DATA 444
INTRODUCTION 444
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 445
INTERFACE TECHNIQUES 446
DATA ANALYSIS 447
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION 448
ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION EXECUTIVE 448
CONCLUDING REMARKS 449
REFERENCES 449
CHAPTER 47. AUTOMATED DESIGN OF CRANKCASES : THE " CARTER " SYSTEM 457
1. OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM 457
2. SCOPE OF THE "CARTER" SYSTEM 459
3. TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE BASE 463
4. MECHANICAL MODELLING 464
5. EXAMPLE 466
CONCLUSION 466
REFERENCES 467
CHAPTER 48. CREATING LARGE SOLID MODELS FOR N.C. TOOLPATH VERIFICATICON 468
INTRODUCTION 468
RESULTS 472
CONCLUSIONS 472
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 472
REFERENCES 472
CHAPTERT 49. An Introduetion to Relational Topology 474
1· Introduction 474
2. Basic Elements 475
3. Structures 475
4· Fundamental Queries 477
5. Relational Data Base Model 479
6. Properites 479
7. Summary and Dlseuaslon 481
8. Acknowledgments 482
9· References 482
CHAPETR 50. A NEW METHOD OF VIEW SYNTHESIS FOR SOLID MODELLING 483
I. OVERVIEW 483
II. BASIC IDEA 484
III. INPUT AND HOMOGENEOUS MATRIX TRANSFORMATIONS 485
IV. SCAN PLANE INTER-SECTION WITH QUADRICS1 CONICAL POLYGONS 486
V. SPANS AND PLANAR RAY CASTING 488
VI. COHERENCE, EFFICIENCY, AND IMPLEMENTATION 489
VII. REFERENCES 491
CHAPTER 51. SYNTHESIS OF VOLUME MODELLING AND SCULPTURED SURFACESS IN BUILD 494
l.INTHODUCTION 494
2.THE BUILD GEOMETRIC MODELLER 495
3.DOUBLE-QUADRATIC CURVES AND SURFACES 497
4.BUILD OPERATIONS 500
5 .VISUALISATION 505
6.CONLCUSION 505
7.SEPEEENCE 508
CHAPTER 52. THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC DRIVE AND CONTROL SYSTEMS AND ELEMENTS BY IvIEANS OF A COMPUTER 509
lNTRODUCTION 509
THE PROGRAMS ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING FREQUENCY RESPONSE 511
THE EXAMPLE OF THE PROGRAMME'S APPLICATION 514
REFERENCES 516
CHAPTER 53. MICROCOMPUTER-AIDED MICROPROGRAMMED CONTROL UNIT DESIGN 520
INTRODUCTION 520
MULTIPLEXER NETWORK AND ROM ORGANIZATION 520
DESIGN ALGORITHMS 521
STATE CODE MINIMIZATION 522
CONCLUSION 523
REFERENCES 524
CHAPTER 54. A CAD PROGRAM FOR OPTIMAL DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS 528
INTRODUCTION 528
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 528
DESIGN METHOD 529
ADHCDM - A CAD SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR OPTIMAL DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN 530
EXAMPLE 530
CONCLUSION 532
REFERENCES 533
CHAPTER 55. AN EXTENDED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DISPLAY MANAGEMENT IN A CADD SYSTEM 535
INTRODUCTION 535
INFORMATION FLOW MECHANISMS 536
CONTEXTS 536
AIDER 537
CONTINUING WORK 539
REFERENCES 539
CHAPTER 56. THE PLACE OF EXPERT SYSTEMS IN ARCHITECTURE 542
INTRODUCTION 542
EXAMPLES OF PROTOTYPICAL EXPERT SYSTEMS 548
BUILDING EXPERT SYSTEMS 549
CONCLUSIONS 550
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 551
REFERENCES 551
CHAPTER 57. PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES 554
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TO SATISFY OBJECTIVES 554
CHAPTER 58. AUTOMATED CONFIGURATION OF BACKPLANE-BASED MICROCOMPUTERS 560
DEDICATED AND GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCOMPUTERS 560
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN 561
USER INTERFACE 565
HOW MAPLE MEETS THE CRITERIA FOR EXPERT SYSTEMS 566
CONCLUSIONS 569
REFERENCES 569
CHAPTER 59. NEW RULES OF THUMB FROM COMPUTER-AIDED STRUCTURAL DESIGN: ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE FOR EXPERT SYSTEMS 571
SPAN OVER TWO PLUS ONE 571
THE MEANING OF PARETO OPTIMIZATION 571
LEARNING FROM A PARETO OPTIMAL SET 572
ESTABLISHING SUITABLE SPANS FOR STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 573
RULES OF THUMB FOR ONE-WAY CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS 574
THE PLACE OF RULES OF THUMB IN EXPERT SYSTEMS 575
ARTICULATING KNOWLEDGE FROM RULES OF THUMB 575
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND RULES OF THUMB 575
DISCUSSION 576
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 576
REFERENCES 576
CHAPTER 60. COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF POWER SHAFTS FOR VARIOUS DESIGN THEORIES 580
INTRODUCTION 580
DEFLECTION ANALYSIS 586
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION 587
COMPUTER PROGRAM AND SAMPLE RESULTS 587
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 587
NOMENCLATURE 588
REFERENCES 588
CHAPTER 61. INTEGRATED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR INDUCTION MOTORS 592
INTRODUCTION 592
ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF THE INDUCTION MOTOR 593
MECHANICAL DESIGN 594
CONCLUSIONS 596
CHAPTER 62. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS BODIES 603
INTRODUCTION 603
COMPUTER PROGRAM 603
EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION 605
CONCLUSIONS 606
REFERENCES 606
CHAPTER 63. IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY IN TURBINE DESIGN 611
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 615
CHAPTER 64. IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY IN TURBINE DESIGN 611
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 615
AUTHOR INDEX 620