Practical Guide to SysML - Sanford Friedenthal, Alan Moore, Rick Steiner

Practical Guide to SysML (eBook)

The Systems Modeling Language

Sanford Friedenthal, Alan Moore, Rick Steiner (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF | EPUB

2014 | 3. Auflage
630 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-12-800800-3 (ISBN)

Sanford Friedenthal is an MBSE Consultant. He has been an advocate for model-based systems engineering and a leader of the industry team that developed SysML from its inception through its adoption by the OMG.

A Practical Guide to SysML, Third Edition, fully updated for SysML version 1.4, provides a comprehensive and practical guide for modeling systems with SysML. With their unique perspective as leading contributors to the language, Friedenthal, Moore, and Steiner provide a full description of the language along with a quick reference guide and practical examples to help you use SysML. The book begins with guidance on the most commonly used features to help you get started quickly. Part 1 explains the benefits of a model-based approach, providing an overview of the language and how to apply SysML to model systems. Part 2 includes a comprehensive description of SysML that provides a detailed understanding that can serve as a foundation for modeling with SysML, and as a reference for practitioners. Part 3 includes methods for applying model-based systems engineering using SysML to specify and design systems, and how these methods can help manage complexity. Part 4 deals with topics related to transitioning MBSE practice into your organization, including integration of the system model with other engineering models, and strategies for adoption of MBSE. Learn how and why to deploy MBSE in your organization with an introduction to systems and model-based systems engineering Use SysML to describe systems with this general overview and a detailed description of the Systems Modeling Language Review practical examples of MBSE methodologies to understand their application to specifying and designing a system Includes comprehensive modeling notation tables as an appendix that can be used as a standalone reference

A Practical Guide to SysML 4
Copyright 5
Contents 6
Preface 18
BOOK ORGANIZATION 18
USES OF THIS BOOK 19
HOW TO READ THIS BOOK 20
CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS EDITION 21
Acknowledgments 22
About the Authors 24
PART I INTRODUCTION 26
CHAPTER 1 - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING OVERVIEW 28
1.1 MOTIVATION FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 28
1.2 THE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS 29
1.3 TYPICAL APPLICATION OF THE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS 30
1.4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TEAM 35
1.5 CODIFYING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRACTICE THROUGH STANDARDS 36
1.6 SUMMARY 39
1.7 QUESTIONS 39
CHAPTER 2 - MODEL-BASED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 40
2.1 CONTRASTING THE DOCUMENT-BASED AND MODEL-BASED APPROACH 40
2.2 MODELING PRINCIPLES 46
2.3 SUMMARY 53
2.4 QUESTIONS 54
CHAPTER 3 - GETTING STARTED WITH SYSML 56
3.1 SYSML PURPOSE AND KEY FEATURES 56
3.2 SYSML DIAGRAM OVERVIEW 57
3.3 INTRODUCING SYSML-LITE 58
3.4 A SIMPLIFIED MBSE METHOD 72
3.5 THE LEARNING CURVE FOR SYSML AND MBSE 74
3.6 SUMMARY 75
3.7 QUESTIONS 76
CHAPTER 4 - AN AUTOMOBILE EXAMPLE USING THE SYSML BASIC FEATURE SET 78
4.1 THE SYSML BASIC FEATURE SET AND SYSML CERTIFICATION 78
4.2 AUTOMOBILE EXAMPLE OVERVIEW 78
4.3 AUTOMOBILE MODEL 80
4.4 MODEL INTERCHANGE 105
4.5 SUMMARY 105
4.6 QUESTIONS 105
PART II LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION 108
CHAPTER 5 - VIEWING SYSML MODELS WITH DIAGRAMS 112
5.1 OVERVIEW 112
5.2 SYSML DIAGRAMS 112
5.3 DIAGRAM NOTATIONS 118
5.4 TABULAR, MATRIX, AND TREE VIEWS 121
5.5 GENERAL PURPOSE MODEL ELEMENTS 122
5.6 VIEW AND VIEWPOINT 123
5.7 SUMMARY 124
5.8 QUESTIONS 124
CHAPTER 6 - ORGANIZING THE MODEL WITH PACKAGES 126
6.1 OVERVIEW 126
6.2 THE PACKAGE DIAGRAM 127
6.3 DEFINING PACKAGES USING A PACKAGE DIAGRAM 127
6.4 ORGANIZING A PACKAGE HIERARCHY 129
6.5 SHOWING PACKAGEABLE ELEMENTS ON A PACKAGE DIAGRAM 131
6.6 PACKAGES AS NAMESPACES 132
6.7 IMPORTING MODEL ELEMENTS INTO PACKAGES 133
6.8 SHOWING DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN PACKAGEABLE ELEMENTS 136
6.9 SUMMARY 137
6.10 QUESTIONS 138
CHAPTER 7 - MODELING STRUCTURE WITH BLOCKS 140
7.1 OVERVIEW 140
7.2 MODELING BLOCKS ON A BLOCK DEFINITION DIAGRAM 142
7.3 MODELING THE STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOCKS USING PROPERTIES 144
7.4 MODELING FLOWS 163
7.5 MODELING BLOCK BEHAVIOR 169
7.6 MODELING INTERFACES USING PORTS 173
7.7 MODELING CLASSIFICATION HIERARCHIES USING GENERALIZATION 189
7.8 MODELING BLOCK CONFIGURATIONS USING INSTANCES 201
7.9 SEMANTICS OF BLOCKS 202
7.10 DEPRECATED FEATURES 204
7.11 SUMMARY 205
7.12 QUESTIONS 207
CHAPTER 8 - MODELING CONSTRAINTS WITH PARAMETRICS 210
8.1 OVERVIEW 210
8.2 USING CONSTRAINT EXPRESSIONS TO REPRESENT SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS 212
8.3 ENCAPSULATING CONSTRAINTS IN CONSTRAINT BLOCKS TO ENABLE REUSE 212
8.4 USING COMPOSITION TO BUILD COMPLEX CONSTRAINT BLOCKS 215
8.5 USING A PARAMETRIC DIAGRAM TO BIND PARAMETERS OF CONSTRAINT BLOCKS 216
8.6 CONSTRAINING VALUE PROPERTIES OF A BLOCK 218
8.7 CAPTURING VALUES IN BLOCK CONFIGURATIONS 219
8.8 CONSTRAINING TIME-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES TO FACILITATE TIME-BASED ANALYSIS 220
8.9 USING CONSTRAINT BLOCKS TO CONSTRAIN ITEM FLOWS 221
8.10 DESCRIBING AN ANALYSIS CONTEXT 222
8.11 MODELING EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES AND TRADE STUDIES 224
8.12 SUMMARY 226
8.13 QUESTIONS 228
CHAPTER 9 - MODELING FLOW-BASED BEHAVIOR WITH ACTIVITIES 230
9.1 OVERVIEW 230
9.2 THE ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 231
9.3 ACTIONS—THE FOUNDATION OF ACTIVITIES 233
9.4 THE BASICS OF MODELING ACTIVITIES 234
9.5 USING OBJECT FLOWS TO DESCRIBE THE FLOW OF ITEMS BETWEEN ACTIONS 237
9.6 USING CONTROL FLOWS TO SPECIFY THE ORDER OF ACTION EXECUTION 243
9.7 HANDLING SIGNALS AND OTHER EVENTS 246
9.8 STRUCTURING ACTIVITIES 247
9.9 ADVANCED FLOW MODELING 250
9.10 MODELING CONSTRAINTS ON ACTIVITY EXECUTION 253
9.11 RELATING ACTIVITIES TO BLOCKS AND OTHER BEHAVIORS 255
9.12 MODELING ACTIVITY HIERARCHIES USING BLOCK DEFINITION DIAGRAMS 261
9.13 ENHANCED FUNCTIONAL FLOW BLOCK DIAGRAM 263
9.14 EXECUTING ACTIVITIES 264
9.15 SUMMARY 268
9.16 QUESTIONS 269
CHAPTER 10 - MODELING MESSAGE-BASED BEHAVIOR WITH INTERACTIONS 272
10.1 Overview 272
10.2 THE SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 273
10.3 THE CONTEXT FOR INTERACTIONS 273
10.4 USING LIFELINES TO REPRESENT PARTICIPANTS IN AN INTERACTION 275
10.5 EXCHANGING MESSAGES BETWEEN LIFELINES 276
10.6 REPRESENTING TIME ON A SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 283
10.7 DESCRIBING COMPLEX SCENARIOS USING COMBINED FRAGMENTS 285
10.8 USING INTERACTION REFERENCES TO STRUCTURE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS 290
10.9 DECOMPOSING LIFELINES TO REPRESENT INTERNAL BEHAVIOR 292
10.10 SUMMARY 294
10.11 QUESTIONS 295
CHAPTER 11 - MODELING EVENT-BASED BEHAVIOR WITH STATE MACHINES 298
11.1 OVERVIEW 298
11.2 STATE MACHINE DIAGRAM 299
11.3 SPECIFYING STATES IN A STATE MACHINE 300
11.4 TRANSITIONING BETWEEN STATES 302
11.5 STATE MACHINES AND OPERATION CALLS 307
11.6 STATE HIERARCHIES 308
11.7 CONTRASTING DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS STATES 316
11.8 SUMMARY 317
11.9 QUESTIONS 318
CHAPTER 12 - MODELING FUNCTIONALITY WITH USE CASES 320
12.1 OVERVIEW 320
12.2 USE CASE DIAGRAM 320
12.3 USING ACTORS TO REPRESENT THE USERS OF A SYSTEM 321
12.4 USING USE CASES TO DESCRIBE SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY 322
12.5 ELABORATING USE CASES WITH BEHAVIORS 326
12.6 SUMMARY 331
12.7 QUESTIONS 332
CHAPTER 13 - MODELING TEXT-BASED REQUIREMENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DESIGN 334
13.1 OVERVIEW 334
13.2 REQUIREMENT DIAGRAM 335
13.3 REPRESENTING A TEXT REQUIREMENT IN THE MODEL 337
13.4 TYPES OF REQUIREMENTS RELATIONSHIPS 339
13.5 REPRESENTING CROSS-CUTTING RELATIONSHIPS IN SYSML DIAGRAMS 340
13.6 DEPICTING RATIONALE FOR REQUIREMENTS RELATIONSHIPS 342
13.7 DEPICTING REQUIREMENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS IN TABLES 342
13.8 MODELING REQUIREMENT HIERARCHIES IN PACKAGES 344
13.9 MODELING A REQUIREMENT CONTAINMENT HIERARCHY 345
13.10 MODELING REQUIREMENT DERIVATION 347
13.11 ASSERTING THAT A REQUIREMENT IS SATISFIED 348
13.12 VERIFYING THAT A REQUIREMENT IS SATISFIED 349
13.13 REDUCING REQUIREMENTS AMBIGUITY USING THE REFINE RELATIONSHIP 350
13.14 USING THE GENERAL-PURPOSE TRACE RELATIONSHIP 352
13.15 REUSING REQUIREMENTS WITH THE COPY RELATIONSHIP 353
13.16 SUMMARY 354
13.17 QUESTIONS 354
CHAPTER 14 - MODELING CROSS-CUTTING RELATIONSHIPS WITH ALLOCATIONS 356
14.1 OVERVIEW 356
14.2 ALLOCATE RELATIONSHIP 357
14.3 ALLOCATION NOTATION 358
14.4 KINDS OF ALLOCATION 360
14.5 PLANNING FOR REUSE: SPECIFYING DEFINITION AND USAGE IN ALLOCATION 362
14.6 ALLOCATING BEHAVIOR TO STRUCTURE USING FUNCTIONAL ALLOCATION 365
14.7 ALLOCATING BEHAVIORAL FLOWS TO STRUCTURAL FLOWS 370
14.8 ALLOCATING BETWEEN INDEPENDENT STRUCTURAL HIERARCHIES 373
14.9 MODELING STRUCTURAL FLOW ALLOCATION 376
14.10 ALLOCATING DEEPLY NESTED PROPERTIES 377
14.11 EVALUATING ALLOCATION ACROSS A USER MODEL 378
14.12 TAKING ALLOCATION TO THE NEXT STEP 378
14.13 SUMMARY 379
14.14 QUESTIONS 379
CHAPTER 15 - CUSTOMIZING SYSML FOR SPECIFIC DOMAINS 382
15.1 OVERVIEW 382
15.2 THE SYSML SPECIFICATION AND LANGUAGE ARCHITECTURE 384
15.3 DEFINING MODEL LIBRARIES TO PROVIDE REUSABLE CONSTRUCTS 388
15.4 DEFINING STEREOTYPES TO EXTEND SYSML CONCEPTS 390
15.5 EXTENDING THE SYSML LANGUAGE USING PROFILES 394
15.6 APPLYING PROFILES TO USER MODELS IN ORDER TO USE STEREOTYPES 395
15.7 APPLYING STEREOTYPES WHEN BUILDING A MODEL 397
15.8 DEFINING AND USING VIEWPOINTS TO GENERATE VIEWS OF THE MODEL 403
15.9 SUMMARY 406
15.10 QUESTIONS 408
PART III EXAMPLES OF MODEL-BASED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING METHODS 410
CHAPTER 16 - WATER DISTILLER EXAMPLE USING FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS 412
16.1 STATING THE PROBLEM—THE NEED FOR CLEAN DRINKING WATER 412
16.2 DEFINING THE MODEL-BASED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH 413
16.3 ORGANIZING THE MODEL 413
16.4 ESTABLISHING REQUIREMENTS 414
16.5 MODELING STRUCTURE 425
16.6 ANALYZE PERFORMANCE 431
16.7 MODIFY THE ORIGINAL DESIGN 433
16.8 SUMMARY 440
16.9 QUESTIONS 440
CHAPTER 17 - RESIDENTIAL SECURITY SYSTEM EXAMPLE USING THE OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING METHOD 442
17.1 METHOD OVERVIEW 442
17.2 RESIDENTIAL SECURITY EXAMPLE OVERVIEW 449
17.3 APPLYING OOSEM TO SPECIFY AND DESIGN THE RESIDENTIAL SECURITY SYSTEM 450
17.4 SUMMARY 528
17.5 QUESTIONS 528
PART IV TRANSITIONINGTO MODEL BASEDSYSTEMS ENGINEERING 530
CHAPTER 18 - INTEGRATING SYSML INTO A SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT 532
18.1 THE SYSTEM MODEL IN THE BROADER DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT 532
18.2 SPECIFYING AN INTEGRATED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT 540
18.3 DATA EXCHANGE MECHANISMS 551
18.4 DATA EXCHANGE EXAMPLES BASED ON CURRENT AND EMERGING STANDARDS 557
18.5 SELECTING A SYSTEM MODELING TOOL 564
18.6 SUMMARY 565
18.7 QUESTIONS 566
CHAPTER 19 - DEPLOYING SYSML IN AN ORGANIZATION 568
19.1 IMPROVEMENT PROCESS 568
19.2 ELEMENTS OF A DEPLOYMENT STRATEGY 573
19.3 SUMMARY 578
19.4 QUESTIONS 579
Appendix A - SysML Reference Guide 580
A.1 OVERVIEW 580
A.2 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS 580
A.3 PACKAGE DIAGRAM 582
A.4 BLOCK DEFINITION DIAGRAM 584
A.5 INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM 590
A.6 PARAMETRIC DIAGRAM 592
A.7 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 593
A.8 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 597
A.9 STATE MACHINE DIAGRAM 600
A.10 USE CASE DIAGRAM 603
A.11 REQUIREMENT DIAGRAM 604
A.12 ALLOCATION 607
A.13 STEREOTYPES AND VIEWPOINTS 608
References 610
Index 614
A 614
B 615
C 616
D 618
E 618
F 619
G 619
H 619
I 620
J 620
K 620
L 621
M 621
N 622
O 623
P 623
Q 625
R 625
S 627
T 629
U 630
V 630
W 631
X 631
Z 631

Preface

Systems engineering is a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to develop solutions for complex engineering problems. The continuing increase in system complexity demands more rigorous and formalized systems engineering practices. In response to this demand—along with advancements in computer technology—the practice of systems engineering is undergoing a fundamental transition from a document-based approach to a model-based approach. In a model-based approach, the emphasis shifts from producing and controlling documentation about the system to producing and controlling a coherent model of the system. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) can help to manage complexity, while improving design quality and cycle time, enhancinging communication among a diverse development team, and facilitating knowledge capture and design evolution.

A standardized and robust modeling language is considered a critical enabler for MBSE. The Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML™) is one such general-purpose modeling language that supports the specification, design, analysis, and verification of systems that may include hardware and equipment, software, data, personnel, procedures, and facilities. SysML is a graphical modeling language with a semantic foundation for representing requirements, behavior, structure, and properties of the system and its components. It is intended to model systems from a broad range of industry domains such as aerospace, automotive, health care, and others.

SysML is an extension of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), version 2, which is the de facto standard software modeling language. Requirements were issued by the Object Management Group (OMG) in March 2003 to extend UML to support systems modeling. UML was selected as the basis for SysML because it is a robust language that addresses many of the systems modeling needs, while enabling the systems engineering community to leverage the broad base of experience and tool vendors that support UML. This approach also facilitates the integration of systems and software modeling, which has become increasingly important for today’s software-intensive systems.

The development of the language specification was a collaborative effort between members of the OMG, the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), and the AP233 Working Group of the International Standards Organization (ISO). Following three years of development, the OMG SysML specification was adopted by the OMG in May 2006, and the formal version 1.0 language specification was released in September 2007. Since that time, new versions of the language have been adopted by the OMG. This edition is intended to reflect the SysML 1.4 specification. It is expected that SysML will continue to evolve in its expressiveness, precision, usability, and interoperability through further revisions to the specification based on feedback from end users, tool vendors, and research activities. Information on the latest version of SysML, tool implementations of SysML, and related resources, are available on the official OMG SysML web site at http://www.omgsysml.org/.

Book Organization

This book provides the foundation for understanding and applying SysML to model systems as part of a model-based systems engineering approach. The book is organized into four parts: Introduction, Language Description, Examples of Model-Based Systems Engineering Methods, and Transitioning to Model-Based Systems Engineering.

Part I, Introduction, contains four chapters that provide an overview of systems engineering, a summary of key MBSE concepts, a chapter on getting started with SysML, and a sample problem to highlight the basic features of SysML. The systems engineering overview and MBSE concepts in Chapters 1 and 2 set the context for SysML, and Chapters 3 and 4 provide an introduction to SysML.

Part II, Language Description, provides the detailed description of the language. Chapter 5 provides an overview of SysML diagrams and some common diagrammatic notations. Chapters 6 through 14 describe key concepts related to model organization, blocks, parametrics, activities, interactions, states, use cases, requirements, and allocations. Chapter 15 describes the SysML specification and language architecture, and extension mechanisms to customize the language. The ordering of the chapters and the concepts are not based on the ordering of activities in the systems engineering process but are based on the dependencies between the language concepts. Each chapter builds the reader’s understanding of the language concepts by introducing SysML constructs: their meaning, notation, and examples of how they are used. The example used to demonstrate the language throughout Part II is a security surveillance system. This example should be understandable to most readers and has sufficient complexity to demonstrate the language concepts.

Part III, Examples of Model-Based Systems Engineering Methods, includes two examples to illustrate how SysML can support different MBSE methods. The first example in Chapter 16 is a functional analysis and allocation method to specify and design a water distiller system. The second example in Chapter 17 applies to the design of a security system consisting of a central monitoring station and multiple sites that are monitored. It uses a comprehensive object-oriented systems engineering method (OOSEM) and emphasizes how the language is used to address a range of systems engineering concerns, including black-box versus white-box design, logical versus physical design, and the design of distributed systems. While these two methods are considered representative of how MBSE with SysML can be applied to model systems, SysML is intended to support other MBSE methods as well.

Part IV, Transitioning to Model-Based Systems Engineering, addresses key considerations for transitioning to an MBSE approach with SysML. Chapter 18 describes how to integrate SysML into a systems development environment consisting of multi-disciplinary engineering tools. It describes the different types of models and tools, the type of data that is exchanged, and mechanisms and standards for data exchange. It also includes a discussion on the selection criteria for a SysML modeling tool. Chapter 19 is the last chapter of the book and describes processes and strategies for deploying MBSE with SysML in an organization. Emphasis is placed on leveraging the organization’s improvement process to assess, plan, and pilot the MBSE capability prior to deploying the capability to projects, and on other essential elements for a successful implementation of MBSE.

Questions are included at the end of each chapter to test readers’ understanding of the material. The answers to the questions can be found on the web site for this book at http://www.elsevierdirect.com/companions/9780123852069/.

The Appendix contains the SysML notation tables. These tables provide a reference guide for SysML notation along with a cross reference to the applicable sections in Part II of the book where the language constructs are described in detail.

Uses of this Book

This book is a practical guide targeted at a broad spectrum of industry practitioners and students. It can serve as an introduction and reference for practitioners, as well as a text for courses in systems modeling and model-based systems engineering. In addition, because SysML reuses many UML concepts, software engineers familiar with UML can use this information as a basis for understanding systems engineering concepts. Also, many systems engineering concepts come to light when using an expressive language, which enables this book to be used to help teach systems engineering concepts. Finally, this book can serve as a primary reference to prepare for the OMG Certified System Modeling Professional (OCSMP) exam (refer to http://www.omg.org/ocsmp/).

How to Read This Book

A first-time reader should pay close attention to the introductory chapters, including Getting Started with SysML in Chapter 3 and the application of the basic feature set of SysML to the Automobile Example in Chapter 4. The introductory reader may also choose to do a cursory reading of the overview sections in Part II, and then review the simplified distiller example in Part III. A more advanced reader may choose to read the introductory chapters, do a more comprehensive review of Part II, and then review the residential security example in Part III. Part IV is of general interest to those may be involved in deploying MBSE with SysML in their organization or project.

The following recommendations apply when using this book as a primary reference for a course in SysML and MBSE. An instructor may refer to the course on SysML that was prepared and delivered by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab that is available for download at http://www.jhuapl.edu/ott/Technologies//Copyright/SysML.asp. This course provides an introduction to the basic features of SysML so that students can begin to apply the language to their projects. This course consists of eleven modules that use this book as the basis for the course material. The course material for the language concepts is included in the download, but the course material for the tool instruction is not included. A shorter version of this course is also included on the Johns Hopkins site, which has been used as a full-day tutorial to provide an introductory short course on SysML. A second course on the same website summarizes the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering...

Erscheint lt. Verlag	23.10.2014
Sprache	englisch
Themenwelt	Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Programmiersprachen / -werkzeuge
	Informatik ► Software Entwicklung ► Objektorientierung
	Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Theorie / Studium
	Technik
ISBN-10	0-12-800800-8 / 0128008008
ISBN-13	978-0-12-800800-3 / 9780128008003

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