Health and Performance (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Health and Performance 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Contributors 8
General Preface 10
Preface to Volume 2 12
List of Contents for Volumes 1, 2 & 3
Chapter 1. Meals and Performance 18
INTRODUCTION 18
POST-LUNCH DIP IN PERFORMANCE 18
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POST-LUNCH DIP 24
POSSIBLE MECHANISMS 31
THE POST-LUNCH DIP IN PERFORMANCE: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 32
MEALS OTHER THAN LUNCH 33
CONCLUSIONS 38
REFERENCES 39
Chapter 2. Vitamin and Mineral Intake and Human Behaviour 42
INTRODUCTION 42
MULTI-VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION 42
VITAMIN STATUS AND ADULT BEHAVIOUR 49
THE ROLE OF PARTICULAR MICRO-NUTRIENTS 50
THE ADEQUACY OF WESTERN DIET 58
CONCLUSIONS 59
REFERENCES 60
Chapter 3. Caffeine 66
INTRODUCTION 66
CAFFEINE IN FOODS AND DRUGS 67
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT GOVERN CAFFEINE'S BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS 70
BEHAVIOURAL CONSEQUENCES OF CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION 72
SLEEP 81
ADVERSE BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE 83
CONCLUSIONS 85
REFERENCES 87
Chapter 4. The Effects of Alcohol on Performance 90
INTRODUCTION 90
METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 91
CONSEQUENCES OF METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 95
MODELS OF THE PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY OF ALCOHOL 102
BASIC ACUTE EFFECTS 106
MEDIATORS OF THE ALCOHOL-PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP 123
CONCLUSIONS 136
REFERENCES 138
Chapter 5. Smoking, Nicotine and Human Performance 144
INTRODUCTION 144
THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF NICOTINE ON HUMAN PERFORMANCE 146
HUMAN PERFORMANCE: ATTENTION 150
HUMAN PERFORMANCE : LEARNING AND MEMORY 163
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES 166
OVERVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS 176
REFERENCES 180
Chapter 6. Cannabis 186
INTRODUCTION 186
PHARMACOLOGY 188
PHYSIOLOGY 191
SUBJECTIVE AND BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS 195
PERFORMANCE 197
REAL-LIFE PERFORMANCE 201
OTHER FACTORS AND INTERACTIONS 205
SUMMARY DISCUSSION 206
REFERENCES 208
Chapter 7. Colds, Influenza and Performance 214
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES 214
ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE OF EFFECTS OF COLDS AND INFLUENZA 215
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF INFECTION 217
DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF UPPER RESPIRATORY VIRUS ILLNESSES 217
THE CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS OF UPPER RESPIRATORY VIRUS ILLNESSES 218
THE ROUTINE OF THE COMMON COLD UNIT 219
PERFORMANCE TESTING: RESEARCH STRATEGY AND METHODOLOGY 220
INFLUENZA AND PERFORMANCE 221
INTERFERON ALPHA AND PERFORMANCE 224
EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED INFLUENZA AND PERFORMANCE: SOME CONCLUSIONS 226
EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED COLDS AND PERFORMANCE 226
COLDS AND MEMORY 229
COLDS AND VISION 231
PRE-CHALLENGE PERFORMANCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION AND ILLNESS 232
DRUGS, COLDS AND PERFORMANCE 232
CONCLUSIONS ABOUT EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED UPPER RESPIRATORY VIRAL ILLNESSES AND PERFORMANCE 232
FUTURE STUDIES: NATURALLY OCCURRING UPPER RESPIRATORY VIRAL ILLNESSES AND PERFORMANCE 233
REFERENCES 234
Chapter 8. HIV and AIDS 236
INTRODUCTION 236
THE CLASSIFICATION OF HIV ILLNESS 237
THE AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX 239
DOES ADC HAVE AN EARLY ONSET? 249
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC ABNORMALITIES IN HIV POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS 251
THE TREATMENT OF ADC WITH AZT 253
CONCLUSIONS AND COMMENTS 255
REFERENCES 255
Chapter 9. Diabetes, Hypoglycaemia and Cognitive Performance 260
INTRODUCTION 260
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE HYPOGLYCAEMIA 261
PERMANENT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AFTER SEVERE HYPOGLYCAEMIA? 267
CONCLUDING REMARKS 271
REFERENCES 272
Chapter 10. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Performance 278
THE CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME 278
HISTORY 279
CASE DEFINITION 279
GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH 281
CFS AND PERFORMANCE 282
RELIABILITY OF THE PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH CFS 288
VIRAL ILLNESSES AND CFS 291
CONFIRMATION FROM THE USA 292
MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENTS IN CFS 293
CONCLUSIONS 294
REFERENCES 294
Chapter 11. Prescribed Psychotropic Drugs: the Major and Minor Tranquillizers 296
INTRODUCTION 296
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG ADMINISTRATION 297
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN TESTING DRUGS 302
CLINICAL CONCLUSIONS ON TRANQUILLIZER USE 305
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF TRANQUILLIZERS: MAJOR AND MINOR TRANQUILLIZERS COMPARED 313
ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF TRANQUILLIZER ACTION 323
CLINICAL DRUG BENEFIT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY 324
TRAINING AND COUNTER-MEASURES TO DRUG EFFECTS 331
REFERENCES 332
Chapter 12. Antidepressant Drugs, Cognitive Function and Human Performance 336
INTRODUCTION 336
DEPRESSION, COGNITION AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 337
STUDIES WITH NORMAL, HEALTHY SUBJECTS 341
EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS ON DEPRESSED PATIENTS 347
CONCLUSIONS 349
REFERENCES 351
Chapter 13. The Effects of Anaesthetic and Analgesic Drugs 354
INTRODUCTION: AN EARLY STUDY OF RECOVERY 354
THE TYPICAL STUDY OF RECOVERY FROM ANAESTHESIA 356
THE EFFECTS OF ANAESTHESIA ON COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE 364
ANALGESICS 387
GENERAL VERSUS REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA 392
THE EFFECTS OF ANAESTHETIC GASES UPON THEATRE PERSONNEL 393
CONCLUSIONS 394
REFERENCES 396
Subject Index 404
Author Index 410