Interstellar Propagation of Electromagnetic Signals

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Dipole Current Densities in Maxwell’s Equations.- 1.2 Ohm’s Law for Induced Electric Dipoles with Mass.- 1.3 Magnetic Ohm’s Law for Magnetic Dipoles with Mass.- 1.4 Dipoles and Quadrupoles Created in Vacuum.- 1.5 Observation of Dipole Currents.- 1.6 Approximation of Signal Functions by Exponential Functions.- 2 Electric Field Strength Due to Electric Excitation.- 2.1 Derivation of the Partial Differential Equation.- 2.2 Electric Field Strength for Eigenfunction Excitation.- 2.3 Algebraic Equation of Sixth Order.- 2.4 Solution of Differential Equation of Sixth Order.- 2.5 Plots of the Electric Field Strength for p < 1/2.- 2.6 Plots of the Electric Field Strength for p > 1/2.- 3 Associated Field Strengths.- 3.1 Associated Magnetic Field Strength.- 3.2 Integration Constants for Electric Excitation.- 3.3 Plots of the Associated Magnetic Field Strength for p < 1/2.- 3.4 Plots of the Associated Magnetic Field Strength for p > 1/2.- 3.5 Field Strengths Due to Magnetic Excitation.- 3.6 Plots for the Associated Electric Field Strength.- 4 Excitation Functions With Finite Rise Time.- 4.1 Electric Excitation Function for p < 1/2.- 4.2 Electric Excitation Function for p > 1/2.- 4.3 Peak Amplitudes of the Precursor.- 4.4 Excitation by Sinusoidal Pulses.- 4.5 Excitation by Rectangular Pulses.- 5 Electromagnetic Signals in Astronomy.- 5.1 Information Obtained from Electromagnetic Waves.- 5.2 Main Lobe of Signals for Various Distances.- 5.3 Precursor of Signals for Various Distances.- 5.4 Sinusoidal Pulses at Various Distances.- 5.5 Rectangular Pulses at Various Distances.- 6 Appendix.- 6.1 Numerical Evaluation for p < 1/2.- 6.2 Numerical Evaluation for p > 1/2.- 6.3 Evaluation of Certain Small Terms for p < 1/2.- 6.4 Evaluation of Certain Small Terms for p >1/2.- 6.5 Associated Magnetic Field Strength for p < 1/2.- 6.6 Associated Magnetic Field Strength for p > 1/2.- 6.7 Relation Between D and E or B and H.- References and Bibliography.