Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

A.- Half Century of Superfluid Helium.- Fifty Years of Superfluid Helium.- Understanding Some of the Mysteries of Superfluid Helium.- Discovery and Properties of Quantized Vortices in Helium II.- Early Superfluidity in Cambridge, 1936 to 1939.- Mendelssohn and Superfluid Helium Film Work at the Clarendon Laboratory.- Development of the theory of Superfluidity in the USSR: Some Remarks.- He II Technology Development in Japan.- Tore Supra and He II Cooling of Large High Field Magnets.- Science and Applications of He-II in Space.- The Thermo-Mechanical Effect of Superfluid Helium and its Technical Application.- Heat and Mass Transfer in Helium.- Numerical Studies on the Influence of Superfluid Turbulence on Heat Transfer in Liquid He II.- The Evolution of Axisymmetric Heat Pulses in He II - Critical Heat Flux and Heating Time.- Some Results on the Heat Transfer in Solid-Liquid He II.- Transient Heat Transfer to Superfluid Liquid Helium.- Mathematical Simulation of Nonstationary Thermal State of Superfluid Helium in Channel.- Numerical Computation of Thermal Shock Wave in He II.- Experiments on the Breakdown of Heat Transfer in Liquid Helium II.- Heat Transfer Related to Superconducting Magnet Stability: He II-He I Dynamic Limits.- Dynamic and Transient Stability of He II Cooled Conductors.- Design and Performance of Forced-Flow He II Heat Exchangers.- The Liquid/Vapor Phase Boundary in a Porous Plug.- Superfluid Transition of 4He Films Adsorbed in Porous Superleaks.- Pressure Drop of He II Flow Through a Porous Media.- Active Phase Separation of He II Using Porous Media.- Non-Linear Porous Plug Heat Flow: Large Pore Limit Versus Size-Dependent Flux Density.- The Fountain Effect in Aerospace Cryogenics.- Fountain Effect Pump Driven Helium Flow at Steady and Unsteady Heat Load.- He II Flow Phenomena Through Fountain Effect Pump Element.- Measurements of the Critical Velocity of Hydraulic Cavitation in Superfluid 4He.- A Thin Film Flowmeter for Use in Liquid Helium II.- Laser Doppler Velocimeter Measurement of Thermal Counterflow Jet in He II.- Application of He II: Cooling Superconducting Devices.- Operational Experience with the 1.75 K Tore Supra Refrigerator.- A Large 1.8 K Facility for Magnet Tests.- 2.0 K Cebaf Cryogenics.- Production of Pressurized Superfluid Helium II by Directly Compressing Saturated Superfluid Helium II.- Applications of He II: Superfluids in Space.- Thermal Design and Test of Irts Cryostat.- Computer Based Control of the Superfluid Helium on-Orbit Transfer Space Shuttle Experiment.- Superfluid Helium Onorbit Resupply.- A Design and Critical Technology Issues for on-Orbit Resupply of Superfluid Helium.- Experimental Verification of a Tank to Tank He II Transfer Model with Trade Study Results.- A Conceptual Study for a Superfluid Helium Tanker (Sfht).- Comparison of SIRTF Dewar Performance in the 900 km and 100,000 km Orbits.- Testing and Application of a Motorized Valve for the Containment of Superfluid Helium.- Heat Transferto Liquid Helium and Liquid Nitrogen.- An Experimental Study of Free Convection in Horizontal Tubes with Different End Temperatures.- Effect of System Pressure and Liquid Subcooling on Quasi-Steady Nucleate Boiling and its Life for Liquid Helium I.- Transient Heat Transfer into Liquid Helium under Controlled Heat Generation.- Numerical Analysis of Heating Induced Transient Flow in Supercritical Helium.- Onset of Nucleate and Film Boiling Resulting from Transient Heat Transfer to Liquid Hydrogen.- Heat Transfer in Pressurized Liquid Hydrogen at Low Values of Film ?T.- An Experimental Investigation of Film-Condensation Heat Transfer of Hydrogen in a Vertical Tube.- Evaluation of a Novel Enhanced Boiling Surface in Cryogenic Liquids.- Heterogeneous Spontaneous Nucleation Temperature on Solid Surface in Liquid Nitrogen.- Transient Heat Transfer in Liquid Nitrogen.- Operating Characteristics of Two-Phase Nitrogen Thermosyphons.- An Experimental Study of Gas Spring Heat Transfer in Reciprocating Cryogenic Machinery.- Qualitative Investigation of Cryogenic Fluid Injection into a Supersonic Flow Field.- Multi-Layer Insulation.- Experimental Studies of MLI Systems at Very Low Boundary Temperatures.- Thermal Performance Measurements of a 100 Percent Polyester MLI System for the Superconducting Super Collider; Part I: Instrumentation and Experimental Preparation (300 K – 80 K).- Thermal Performance Measurements of a 100 Percent Polyester MLI System for the Superconducting Super Collider; Part II: Laboratory Results (300 K – 80 K).- A Blanket Design, Apparatus, and Fabrication Techniques for the Mass Production of Multilayer Insulation Blankets for the Superconducting Super Collider.- Applications of Superconductivity: Magnets and Other Devices.- Experience in the Operation of the International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility.- Development of Superconducting Magnet Systems for MRI.- Superconducting Machinery for Ship Propulsion.- Superconducting Magnet Systems for Physical Research.- Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage and Other Large-Scale SDI Cryogenic Applications Programs.- Superconductor Magnetic Energy Storage for Power System Control.- Design of a 200 kA Conductor for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES).- Magnetic Field and Force Calculations for an SSC Detector Solenoid Using a Commercial Finite Element Code.- Structural Performance of the First SSC Design B Dipole Magnet.- Quench Characteristics of Full-Length SSC R&D Dipole Magnets.- Tests of High Gradient Superconducting Quadrupole Magnets for the Tevatron.- Epoxy Impregnated Solenoid Coil Training Dependence on Boundary Forces and Peak Field.- Performance of Nb3Sn Tape Magnet Cooled by Indirect Conduction Method.- Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide Superconducting to Normal Transition Characterization for a Solenoid Configuration.- A Self-Rotating Magnet Levitating Above a YBCO Specimen.- New Generation of Superconductive Flux Pumps.- Development of Superconducting AC Fault Current Limiter.- Material Effects on the 4 Kelvin AC Efficiency of Moving Coil Linear Actuators.- High Magnetic Field Shielding Devices with Superconducting NbTi-Cu Multilayer Films.- Thermal Design and Evaluation of the CEBAF Superconducting RF Cavity’s Prototype Waveguide.- Applications of Superconductivity; Magnet Stability, Coil Protection.- Stability of Superconducting Magnet Systems Subject to Thermal Disturbances.- Stability of Current-Carrying Elements of Superconducting Magnets to Thermal Disturbances.- Propagatory Velocity of the Normal Zone in a Cable-in-Conduit Conductor.- Theoretical Study of Quench in Superconducting Magnet Systems.- Normal Zone Dynamics in Superconductors with Porous Coatings.- Variational Principle for Critical Heat of Quench in Partially Stabilized Superconducting Magnets.- Frictional Motion of Conductor in Superconducting Magnet and Quantification of Disturbance Energy.- Peculiarities of Void Fraction Measurement Applied to Physical Installation Channels Cooled by Forced Helium Flow.- A New Protection Scheme for High Current Density Magnets.- Applications of Superconductivity: Cryogenic Techniques a Convenient Method for Testing High-Current Superconducting Cables.- A Convenient Method for Testing High-Current Superconducting Cables.- Inductive Energy Insertion for SMES Conductor Stability Testing.- Short Sample Testing Facility for the Superconducting Super Collider: Requirements and Development Status.- A Cryogenic Test Stand for Full Length SSC Magnets with Superfluid Capability.- Retractable Gas Cooled Leads for Astomag.- Low Heat Leak Current Leads for Space Borne Magnets.- Use of Glass Beads to Increase the Breakdown Voltage in Subatmospheric, Cold Helium Gas.- Optimal Design of Cryogenic Bucking Cylinder for Space Borne Toroidal Magnets.- An All-Metal, Reusable, Cryogenic Seal.- Thermal Conduction of SSC Wire.- Minimization of Total Refrigeration Power of Liquid Neon and Nitrogen Cooled Intercepts for SMES Magnets.- Optimal Thermal Design of Helium Dewar with Liquid Nitrogen and Vapourized Helium Cooled Intercepts.- Basic Experiment on the Indirect Cooling for Superconducting Magnets.- Warmup Analysis of the Sultan-III Superconducting Split Coil System.- Refrigeration for Electronics.- Cooling of very Large Focal Plane Arrays.- Cooling of High Power Density Electronic Chips.- Design and Operating Characteristics of an open Cycle Cooling System for Superconducting High Speed Electronics.- A Cryogenic Cycling Apparatus for Superconducting Thin-Film Integrated Circuits.