This popular classic, Baillière's Nurses' Dictionary, is now in its 26th edition, and fully updated to ensure it retains its usefulness to nurses and health care workers. New entries reflect the constantly changing world of health care services. Containing a wealth of useful information in a convenient pocket-sized format, this is an essential resource for everyone involved in nursing and health care.
Appendices:
1 Nutrition
2 Resuscitation
3 First Aid
4 Medicines and their Control
5 The Legal and Professional Framework of Nursing
6 Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics
Section 1: Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)
Section 2: Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC)
7 Common Abbreviations
8 Common Prefixes, Suffixes and Roots
9 Units of Measurement and Tables of Normal Values
10 Immunization and Vaccinations
11 Occupational Health and Safety
12 Prevention and Control of Infection
13 Practice Development
14 Clinical Supervision
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- Expanded appendices
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Front cover 1
Bailliere's Nurses' Dictionary 2
Copyright page 5
Table of Contents 6
Contributors 8
Foreword 10
Preface 13
Acknowledgements 14
Style Guide 15
Subentries 15
Cross-referencing 15
Translations 15
Abbreviations Used in this Dictionary 15
Drug Names 16
A 18
B 58
C 83
D 128
E 149
F 169
G 184
H 197
I 224
J 244
K 247
L 252
M 269
N 293
O 308
P 319
Q 363
R 366
S 382
T 413
U 432
V 437
W 447
X 452
Y 453
Z 455
Appendices 458
Appendices 458
Appendix 1 460
Nutrition 460
Protein 460
Carbohydrate 461
Fat 461
Vitamins 463
Vitamin A 463
Retinol 463
Carotene 463
Vitamin B Complex 463
Vitamin B12 464
Folate (folic acid – the man-made version) 464
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 464
Vitamin D 464
Vitamin E 465
Vitamin K 465
Minerals 465
Iron 465
Calcium 465
Phosphorus 466
Sodium 466
Potassium 466
Artificial Nutritional Support 466
Indications 466
Artificial Nutritional Support 467
Enteral Nutrition 467
Enteral Nutrition Modalities 467
Oral Diet 467
Nutritional Supplements 467
Tube Feeding 467
Indications for Enteral Tube Feeding 468
Contraindications for Enteral Tube Feeding 468
Composition of Enteral Tube Feeds 468
Tube Feeding Regimen 469
Check Tube Position Prior to Initiating Feed 469
Complications of Enteral Tube Feeding 469
Other Tube Feeding Considerations 469
Feed Administration Sets 469
Drug Administration 469
Water 471
Home Tube Feeding 471
Monitoring 471
Parenteral Nutrition (PN) 471
Possible Indications for Parenteral Nutrition 471
Routes Used for Parenteral Nutrition 472
Central Access 472
Peripheral Access 472
Composition of Parenteral Nutrition Feeds 472
Feeding Regimens 473
Glutamine 473
Complications 473
Basic Monitoring for Enteral (Tube Feeding) and Parenteral Nutrition 473
References/Bibliography 475
Useful Websites 476
Nutritional Management of Cardiovascular Disease 476
Introduction 476
What is a Healthy Diet? 477
Total Energy 477
Fat 477
Oily Fish 477
Cholesterol 478
Serum Cholesterol and Exercise 478
Carbohydrate 478
Fibre 478
Minerals, Vitamins and Antioxidants 479
Salt 479
Alcohol 479
Novel Foods 480
References/Bibliography 480
Nutritional Management of Obesity 481
Definition 481
Prevalence 481
Waist Circumference 482
Why Should Individuals Who are Overweight Lose Weight? 482
What Does Losing Weight Involve? 483
Practical Guidelines for Weight Loss 483
Prevention is Better than Cure 484
References 484
Nutritional Management of Diabetes 485
Nutritional Advice for People with Diabetes 485
Dietary Goals 486
Why Should People with Diabetes Reduce their Fat Intake? 487
Which Foods are High in Fat? 487
It is Important to Remember 487
References 487
Nutrition in Paediatrics 488
Nutrient Requirements 488
Infant Feeding 488
Nutritional Deficiencies 489
Obesity 489
Allergies 490
Chronic Diseases of Childhood 490
References 490
Useful Resources 491
Appendix 2 Resuscitation 492
Introduction 492
Adult Cardiac Arrest 492
Danger 493
Response 493
Shout 493
Airway 493
Breathing 495
Obtain Help 495
Circulation 496
Attempt Two Ventilations 497
Continue Resuscitation 497
Adult Choking 498
Partial or Mild Obstruction 498
Complete or Severe Obstruction 499
Collapsed Choking Casualty 499
Other Situations 500
Obstetric Cardiac Arrest 500
Tracheostomy 500
Paediatric Cardiac Arrest 500
Paediatric Choking 501
Infants (under one year of age) 501
Child (above one year old) 501
Bibliography 503
Illustration References 503
Appendix 3 First Aid 504
Action at an Emergency 504
Priorities of Treatment: Patient Assessment and Primary Survey 504
Casualty Breathing Normally: Recovery Position 505
Priorities of Treatment: Patient Assessment and Secondary Survey 507
Consider: 507
Check them from head to toe: 507
Other information: 508
Disorders of Circulation: External Bleeding 508
Shock 509
Recognition 509
Treatment 509
Respiratory Conditions 509
Asthma 510
Recognition 510
Treatment 510
Heart Conditions: Angina and Myocardial Infarction 510
Angina 511
Treatment 511
Heart Attack 511
Treatment 511
Cerebrovascular Accidents (Strokes) 511
Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) 511
Assessment 512
Treatment 512
Burns and Scalds 512
Assessment 513
Consider: 513
Assess the severity: 513
Treatment 513
Anaphylaxis 514
Treatment 514
Poisoning 515
General advice 515
Treatment 515
Musculoskeletal Injuries and Falls 516
Recognition 516
Treatment 516
First Aid and the Elderly 516
Appendix 4 Medicines and their Control 518
Definitions 518
Legislation 518
The Medicines Act 1968 519
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 519
Controlled Drugs 520
Unlicensed Medicines 521
Complementary and Alternative Therapies 522
Abbreviations Used in Prescriptions 523
Guidance 523
NMC: Standards for Medicine Management (2008) 523
Administration of Medicines 524
Standards for Practice of Administration of Medicines 524
Aids to Support Concordance (compliance aids) 526
Self-Administration of Medicines 526
Management of Adverse Events (errors or incidents) in the Administration of Medicines 527
Reporting Adverse Reactions 528
Prescribing Medicines 528
Prescribing by Nurses, Midwives and Specialist Community Public Health Nurses 529
Prescribing by Other Therapists 530
Patient Group Directions (PGDs) 530
Dispensing 530
Information on New and Developing Pharmacy Services and Extended Roles of Pharmacists 531
Medicines Use Review (MUR) 531
Repeat Dispensing Schemes 531
The Supply of Emergency Hormonal Contraception as a Pharmacy Medicine 532
Health Care Information and Advice 533
Diagnostic Testing and Health Screening 533
Advisory Services to Nursing and Residential Homes 533
Needle and Syringe Exchange Schemes 534
References/Bibliography 535
Further Information 536
Appendix 5 The Legal and Professional Framework of Nursing 537
Accountability 537
Law – Criminal Law 538
Civil Law – Professional Negligence 538
Legal Issues Affecting Clinical Practice 540
Consent 540
Confidentiality 542
Drug Administration 544
Safety 544
Documentation 546
Decisions Made by Patients 546
Patients’ Property 547
References 548
Further Reading 548
Appendix 6 Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics 549
Section 1 549
Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 549
Make the Care of People Your First Concern, Treating Them as Individuals and Respecting Their Dignity 550
Treat People as Individuals 550
Respect People’s Confidentiality 550
Collaborate with Those in Your Care 550
Ensure You Gain Consent 550
Maintain Clear Professional Boundaries 551
Work with Others to Protect and Promote the Health and Wellbeing of Those in Your Care, their Families and Carers, and the Wider Community 551
Share Information with Your Colleagues 551
Work Effectively as Part of a Team 551
Delegate Effectively 551
Manage Risk 552
Provide a High Standard of Practice and Care at All Times 552
Use the Best Available Evidence 552
Keep Your Skills and Knowledge Up To Date 552
Keep Clear and Accurate Records 552
Be Open and Honest, Act with Integrity and Uphold the Reputation of Your Profession 553
Act with Integrity 553
Deal with Problems 553
Be Impartial 553
Uphold the Reputation of Your Profession 553
Information About Indemnity Insurance 554
Contact: 554
Section 2 554
Your Duties as a Registrant 555
The Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics You Must Keep To 555
What We Expect Of You 556
The Standards and Your Practice 556
Meeting the Standards 556
Making Informed and Reasonable Decisions 557
Language 557
Changing these Standards in the Future 558
1. You Must Act in the Best Interests of Service Users 558
2. You Must Respect the Confidentiality of Service Users 559
3. You Must Keep High Standards of Personal Conduct 559
4. You Must Provide (to us and any other relevant regulators) Any Important Information about Your Conduct and Competence 559
5. You Must Keep Your Professional Knowledge and Skills Up To Date 560
6. You Must Act Within the Limits of Your Knowledge, Skills and Experience and, if Necessary, Refer the Matter to Another Practitioner 560
7. You Must Communicate Properly and Effectively with Service Users and Other Practitioners 561
8. You Must Effectively Supervise Tasks You Have Asked Other People to Carry Out 561
9. You Must Get Informed Consent to Provide Care or Services (as far as possible) 562
10. You Must Keep Accurate Records 562
11. You Must Deal Fairly and Safely with the Risks of Infection 563
12. You Must Limit Your Work or Stop Practising if Your Performance or Judgement is Affected by Your Health 563
13. You Must Behave With Honesty and Integrity and Make Sure that Your Behaviour Does Not Damage the Public’s Confidence in You or Your Profession 563
14. You Must Make Sure that Any Advertising You Do is Accurate 564
Fitness to Practise 564
Appendix 7 Common Abbreviations 565
Appendix 8 Common Prefixes, Suffixes and Roots 570
Appendix 9 Units of Measurement and Tables of Normal Values 574
Metric Measures, Units and SI Symbols 574
Decimal Multiples and Submultiples of the Units are Formed by the Use of Standard Prefixes 574
Conversion Table for kPa . mmHg (e.g. for capillary pressures) 574
Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) 575
Some Normal Plasma Levels in Adults 575
Arterial Blood Gases 575
Blood Pressure 575
Heart Rate 575
Respiration Rate 576
Blood Count 576
Coagulation Times 576
Diet 576
Urine 576
Body Temperatures 576
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure 577
Intraocular Pressure 577
Appendix 10 Immunization and Vaccinations 578
Immunization Aftercare and Side Effects 579
Polio, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hib and MenC 579
Measles, Mumps and Rubella 579
Hepatitis A 580
Hepatitis B 580
Polio 581
Rubella (German Measles) 581
Tetanus 581
Tuberculosis 581
Influenza 582
Pneumococcal Vaccination 582
Shingles 583
Rotavirus 583
Travel Vaccinations 583
References/Websites 583
Appendix 11 Occupational Health and Safety 584
Health and Safety Commission and Health and Safety Executive 584
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 (amended 1998) 585
Health Surveillance 585
Environmental Monitoring 586
Records 586
The Reporting of Injuries, Disease and Dangerous Substances Regulations 1985 586
The ‘Six Pack’ 1992 586
Working Time Regulations 1998 587
Hazard and Risk 588
Failing to Safety as Opposed to Failing to Danger 588
Safe Systems of Work and Human Factors 590
Appendix 12 Prevention and Control of Infection 591
References 599
Appendix 13 Practice Development 602
Introduction 602
Defining Practice Development 602
Purpose of Practice Development 603
Differences with PD 603
Attributes, Knowledge and Skills of Practice Developers 604
Outcomes of Practice Development 605
The Future for Practice Development 606
References 607
Useful Websites 609
Appendix 14 Clinical Supervision 611
Supervised Clinical Practice and Learning 613
Organizational Supervision 614
Supportive Supervision 614
References 616
B
Ba–barb
Ba symbol for barium.
Babinski's reflex or sign J.F.F. Babinski, French neurologist, 1857–1932. On stroking the sole of the foot, the great toe bends upwards instead of downwards (dorsal instead of plantar flexion). Present in disease or injury to the upper motor neurone. Babies who have not walked react in the same way, but normal flexion develops later.
baby an infant or young child who is not yet walking. B. blues the transient feelings of unhappiness and tearfulness that affect many women after the birth of their baby. B. Friendly Initiative abbreviated BFI. Part of a global campaign by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund to ensure that all mothers are facilitated in breast feeding to enable babies to benefit from the health and social advantages. Battered b. one suffering from the result of continued violence; extensive bruising, fractures of limbs, rib and skull, or an internal trauma may be found. See ABUSE. Blue b. one suffering from cyanosis at birth as a result of atelectasis or congenital heart malformation.
Bach flower remedies a system of complementary medicine, devised by Dr Edward Bach and based on homeopathic principles. Flower remedies can be used to treat emotional and psychological disorders. There are 38 flower remedies. See also HOMEOPATHY.
bacillaemia the presence of bacilli in the blood.
bacilluria the presence of bacilli in the urine.
Bacillus a genus of aerobic, spore-bearing Gram-positive bacteria. B. anthracis the causative agent of ANTHRAX.
bacillus loosely, the cause of any bacterial infection by a rod-shaped microorganism, e.g. Escherichia coli, the colon bacillus.
back dorsum. Posterior trunk from neck to pelvis. B. bone the vertebral column. B. slab plaster or plastic splint in which a limb is supported. Hunch b. kyphosis.
backache any pain in the back, usually the lower part. The pain is often dull and continuous, but sometimes sharp and throbbing. Backache, or lumbago, is one of the most common ailments and can be caused by a variety of disorders. Health care workers are at particular risk and one in six nurses is thought to experience back pain.
bacteraemia the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.
bacteria a general name given to minute vegetable organisms which may live on organic matter. There are many varieties, only some of which are pathogenic to humans, animals and plants. Each bacterium consists of a single cell and, given favourable conditions, multiplies by subdivision. Bacteria are classified according to their shape (a) bacilli, rod-shaped and (b) cocci, spherical (see Figure), subdivided into (i) streptococci, in chains; (ii) staphylococci, in groups; (iii) diplococci, in pairs; (c) spirilla, spirochaetes, spiral. Pathogenic b. those whose growth in the body gives rise to disease, either by destruction of tissue or by formation of toxins, which circulate in the blood. Pathogenic bacteria thrive on organic matter in the presence of warmth and moisture.
BACTERIA: BACILLI (ROD-SHAPED) AND COCCI (SPHERICAL)
bacterialpertaining to bacteria.
bactericidal capable of killing bacteria, e.g. disinfectants, great heat, intense cold or sunlight.
bacteriologist one who is qualified in the science of bacteriology.
bacteriology the scientific study of bacteria.
bacteriolysin an antibody produced in the blood to assist in the destruction of bacteria. The action is specific.
bacteriolysis the dissolution of bacteria by a bacteriolytic agent.
bacteriophage a virus that only infects bacteria. Many strains exist, some of which are used for identifying types of staphylococci and salmonellae.
bacteriostat an agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria.
bacteriostatic inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
bag a sac or pouch. B. of waters the membranes enclosing the AMNIOTIC (FLUID) and the developing fetus in utero. Ambu b. is a bag valve mask (BVM). It is a hand-held device used to provide positive ventilation to a patient who is not breathing or who is breathing inadequately. Use of the Ambu bag to ventilate a patient is frequently called ‘bagging’. Colostomy b. a receptacle worn over the stoma by the patient, to receive the faecal discharge. Douglas b. a receptacle for the collection of expired air, permitting measurement of respiratory gases. Ileostomy b. any of various plastic or latex pouches attached to the stoma for the collection of faecal material after ILEOSTOMY. Politizer b. a soft bag of rubber for inflating the pharyngotympanic tube. Urine b. a receptacle used for urine by ambulatory patients with urinary incontinence.
balance the ability to remain upright and to move without falling over. In physiological terms the harmonious relationship between parts and organs of the body and their functions or between substances in the body. See ACID–BASE BALANCE. B. of probabilities the standard of proof required in civil proceedings.
balanced diet a varied diet that contains all the nutritional elements in the correct quantities required for growth and repair of body tissues.
balanced salt solution (BSS) a solution that is made to a physiological pH with appropriate concentrations of salts and electrolytes. Used during intraocular surgery to replace intraocular fluids.
balanitis inflammation of the glans penis and of the prepuce, usually associated with phimosis. Balanoposthitis.
baldness absence of hair, especially from the scalp. Alopecia.
ballottement [Fr.] a method of testing for a floating object, e.g. abdominal palpation of the uterus when testing for pregnancy. The uterus is pushed upward by a finger in the vagina, and if a fetus is present it will fall back again like a heavy body in water.
bandage 1. a strip or roll of gauze or other material for wrapping or binding any part of the body. 2. to cover by wrapping with such material. Bandages may be used to stop the flow of blood, to provide a safeguard against contamination, or to hold a dressing in place. They may also be used to hold a splint in position or otherwise immobilize an injured part of the body to prevent further injury and to facilitate healing.
banding placing a band round a vessel to restrict the flow from it. Pulmonary arterial b. a palliative operation used in treating infants with ventricular septal defects.
bank an institution offering services, or a store of donated human tissues for use in the future by other individuals, e.g. blood b., human milk b., sperm b. Nurse b. a group of nurses who are known to the employing authority and available for employment on an on-call basis.
Bankhart's operation A.S.B. Bankhart, British orthopaedic surgeon, 1879–1951. An operation to repair a defect in the glenoid cavity that causes repeated dislocation of the shoulder joint.
barbiturates a large group of sedative and hypnotic drugs derived from barbituric acid, e.g. phenobarbitone, amylobarbitone. Prolonged use may lead to addiction.
bari–bea
bariatrics a branch of medicine, surgery and dietetics that deals with obesity, its effects, treatment and control. See OBESITY.
barium symbol Ba. A soft silvery metallic element. B. sulphate a heavy mineral salt that is comparatively impermeable to X-rays and can therefore be used as a contrast medium, given as a meal or as an enema. Used to demonstrate abnormality in the stomach or intestines, and to show peristaltic movement. B. sulphide the chief constituent of depilatory preparations, i.e. those which remove...
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 30.1.2014 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Schulbuch / Wörterbuch ► Lexikon / Chroniken |
| Schulbuch / Wörterbuch ► Wörterbuch / Fremdsprachen | |
| Geisteswissenschaften ► Sprach- / Literaturwissenschaft ► Sprachwissenschaft | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pflege | |
| Technik | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-7020-5373-2 / 0702053732 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-7020-5373-3 / 9780702053733 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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