Semiconductor Electrochemistry

After gaining his doctorate in Stuttgart, Rüdiger Memming spent three years as a post-doctorate fellow under Prof. Livingston at the School of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, USA, before joining Philips in 1960, where he worked at their research laboratories in Hamburg. In 1974 he gained his lecturing qualification in physical chemistry at Hamburg University, where he remained as professor until his retirement in 1994. From 1987 to 1994 he also headed the newly founded Institute for Solar Energy Research in Hanover, and was awarded grants to research at several institutes in Japan and the USA. Professor Memming lives in Hamburg where he still actively participates in discussions surrounding semiconductor electrochemistry.

Preface

PRINCIPLES OF SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS
Crystal Structure
Energy Levels in Solids
Optical Properties
Density of States and Carrier Concentrations
Carrier Transport Phenomena
Excitation and Recombination of Charge Carriers
Fermi Levels under Nonequilibrium Conditions

SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES AND SOLID-SOLID JUNCTIONS
Metal and Semiconductor Surfaces in a Vacuum
Metal-Semiconductor Contacts (Schottky Junctions)
p-n Junctions
Ohmic Contacts
Photovoltages and Photocurrents
Surface Recombination

ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS
Electrolytes
Potentials and Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells

EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
Electrode Preparation
Current-Voltage Measurements
Measurements of Surface Recombination and Minority Carrier Injection
Inpededance Measurements
Surface Conductivity Measurements
Flash Photolysis Investigations
Surface Science Techniques

SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE
Structure of the Interface and Adsorption
Charge and Potential Distribution at the Interface
Analysis of the Potential Distribution
Modification of Semiconductor Surfaces

ELECTRON TRANSFER THEORIES
The Theory of Marcus
The Gerischer Model
Quantum Mechanical Treatments of Electron Transfer Processes
The Problem of Deriving Rate Constants
Comparison of Theories

CHARGE TRANSFER PROCESSES AT THE SEMICONDUCTOR-LIQUID INTERFACE
Charge Transfer Processes at Metal Electrodes
Qualitative Description of Current-Potential Curves at Semiconductor Electrodes
One-Step Redox Reactions
The Quasi-Fermi Level Concept
Determination of the Reorganization Energy
Two-Step Redox Processes
Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence
Hot Carrier Processes
Catalysis of Electrode Reactions

ELECTROCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Anodic Dissolution Reactions
Cathodic Decomposition
Dissolution under Open Circuit Conditions
Energetics and Thermodynamics of Corrosion
Competition between Redox Reaction and Anodic Dissolution
Formation of Porous Semiconductor Surfaces

PHOTOREACTIONS AT SEMICONDUCTOR PARTICLES
Quantum Size Effects
Charge Transfer Processes at Semiconductor Particles
Charge Transfer Processes at Quantum Well Electrodes (MQW, SQW)
Photoelectrochemical Reactions at Nanocrystalline Semiconductor Layers

ELECTRON TRANSFER PROCESSES BETWEEN EXCITED MOLECULES AND SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES
Energy Levels of Excited Molecules
Reactions at Semiconductor Electrodes
Comparison with Reactions at Metal Electrodes
Production of Excited Molecules by Electron Transfer

APPLICATIONS
Photoelectrochemical Solar Energy Conversion
Photocatalytic Processes
Etching of Semiconductors
Light-Induced Metal Deposition

APPENDICES
List of Major Symbols
Physical Constants
Lattice Parameters of Semiconductors
Properties of Important Semiconductors
Effective Density of States and Intrinsic Densities
Major Redox Systems and Corresponding Standard Potentials
Potentials of Reference Electrodes

Index