Green Chemistry and Catalysis

Prof. Roger Sheldon recently retired from his position as Chair of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technolgy, The Netherlands. His research career started with a PhD at the University of Leicester, United Kingdom and a postdoctoral stay with Jay Kochi at Indiana University, USA. Roger Sheldon then joined the Shell laboratories in Amsterdam. He later became Research Director at Andeno (subsequently acquired by DSM). After a part–time professor appointment at the Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, he then took up his position at the Delft University of Technology in 1991. He is CEO of the spin–off company CLEA Technologies, which he founded in 2002. Prof. Isabel Arends is Full Professor and Group leader in Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. Prof. Arends received her PhD in Physical Organic Chemistry in 1993 from the University of Leiden, The Netherlands under the supervision of Prof. Robert Louw. Postdoctoral work followed with Prof. Keith Ingold at the National Research Council, Canada. She then joined the group of Prof. Roger Sheldon at the Delft University of Technology in 1995, and joined the faculty of the Department of Biotechnology in 2001. Her research focuses on the development of redox biocatalysts, and on the design of chemo/ biocatalystic methods in general. Prof. Arends is the author of over 100 publications, 5 patents and has contributed to 13 book chapters. Prof. Ulf Hanefeld is Professor of Biocatalysis at the Department of Biotechnology at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. Prof. Hanefeld graduated in 1993 magna cum laude from the Georg–August–Universität in Göttingen, Germany. He subsequently held several postdoctoral positions at internationally renowned universities such as Imperial College London and University of Cambridge, United Kingsom. A KNAW–fellowship followed and in 2007 he was appointed as Associate Professor within the Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry (BOC) Section of the Department of Biotechnology. Prof. Hanefeld′s research focuses on the hydroxynitrile lyase enzymes, heterogeneous catalysis combined with biocatalysis, and more broadly on the catalytic formation of carbon–carbon bonds. Besides his extensive research portfolio, Hanefeld is an important figurehead for education in biocatalysis.

((TOC of 1st edition, to be updated))



INTRODUCTION: GREEN CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS

E Factors and Atom Efficiency

The Role of Catalysis

The Development of Organic Synthesis

Catalysis by Solid Acids and Bases

Catalytic Reduction

Catalytic Oxidation

Catalytic C–C Bond Formation

The Question of Solvents: Alternative Reaction Media

Biocatalysis

Renewable Raw Materials and White Biotechnology

Enantioselective Catalysis

Risky Reagents

Process Integration and Catalytic Cascades

SOLID ACIDS AND BASES AS CATALYSTS

Solid Acid Catalysis

Solid Base Catalysis

Other Approaches

CATALYTIC REDUCTIONS

Heterogeneous Reduction Catalysts

Homogeneous Reduction Catalysts

Biocatalytic Reductions

CATALYTIC OXIDATIONS

Mechanisms of Metal–catalyzed Oxidations

Alkenes

Alkanes and Alkylaromatics

Oxygen–containing Compounds

Heteroatom Oxidation

Asymmetric Oxidation

CATALYTIC CARBON–CARBON BOND FORMATION

Enzymes for Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation

Transition Metal Catalysis

HYDROLYSIS

Hydrolysis of Esters

Hydrolysis of Amides

Hydrolysis of Nitriles

CATALYSIS IN NOVEL REACTION MEDIA

Two Immiscible Organic Solvents

Aqueous Biphasic Catalysis

Fluorous Biphasic Catalysis

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Ionic Liquids

Biphasic Systems with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Thermoregulated Biphasic Catalysis

CHEMICALS FROM RENEWABLE RAW MATERIALS

Carbohydrates

Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Transformations of Carbohydrates into Fine Chemicals and Chiral Building Blocks

Fats and Oils

Terpenes

Renewable Raw Materials as Catalysts

Green Polymers from Renewable Raw Materials

PROCESS INTEGRATION AND CASCADE CATALYSIS

Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions by Enzymes Coupled with Metal Catalysts

Combination of Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Catalyst Recovery and Recycling

Immobilization of Enzymes

EPILOGUE: FUTURE OUTLOOK

Green Chemistry: The Road to Sustainability

Catalysis and Green Chemistry

The Medium is the Message

Metabolic Engineering and Cascade Catalysis