Equilibrium and Transfer in Porous Media 3

Jean-François Daïan is a retired and voluntary researcher at LTHE (Laboratoire d’Étude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement) in Grenoble, France, having worked there as a lecturer for nearly 30 years before his retirement. His main fields of research include porous media, pore structure characterization: mercury porosimetry and the application of percolation theory. He is the co-author of the XDQ (Xu Ke, Quenard, Daïan) model.

Nomenclature vii

Chapter 1 Isothermal Transport in Porous Media: Applications 1

1.1. Capillary transport 2

1.1.1. Isothermal transport without gravity 2

1.1.2. Capillary gravitational infiltration 7

1.2. Quasi-isothermal drying and sorption 17

1.2.1. Drying (and sorption) under isobaric atmosphere 17

1.2.2. Drying in pure vapor 28

1.3. Experimental identification and estimation of transport coefficients 34

1.3.1 Classification of experimental processes 34

1.3.2 Hydraulic conductivity and permeability 36

1.3.3. Hydric diffusivity 45

1.3.4. Transport of a volatile liquid: identification of the role of each of the phases 48

1.3.5. Diffusion and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients 53

1.3.6. Pore structure and transport properties 60

1.4. Appendices and exercises 72

1.4.1. Diffusion and diffusion–convection equations 72

1.4.2. Gravity infiltration 81

1.4.3. Phase change and thermal transfer 86

1.4.4. Drying: quantitative evaluations 89

1.4.5. Drying under ambient atmosphere: exercises 101

1.4.6. Measurement of permeability to gas 112

1.4.7 Response to small stresses: using the linear diffusion equation 118

1.4.8. Transport coefficients: orders of magnitude 127

Chapter 2 Coupled Transfers in Porous Media: Applications 133

2.1. Transport of a volatile interstitial liquid coupled with thermal transfer 134

2.1.1. Macroscopization and transfer laws 134

2.1.2. Balances and constitutive equations 147

2.1.3. Applications 158

2.1.4. Measuring transfer coefficients 170

2.2 Coupled thermal transfer and transport during the freezing of interstitial fluid 177

2.2.1. Constitutive equations 177

2.2.2. Applications 186

2.3. Transport of a volatile liquid coupled with the diffusion of a component in solution 197

2.3.1. Constitutive equations: coupling mechanisms 197

2.3.2. A few elementary processes 201

2.4. Appendices and exercises 213

2.4.1. Laws of gaseous diffusion and apparent conductivity 213

2.4.2. Apparent thermal conductivity: the lighting of the EMT and its limits 216

2.4.3. More about the constitutive equations 224

2.4.4. Linearized equations and applications 228

2.4.5 Measuring conductivity: steady-state methods 235

2.4.6. Measuring conductivity: transient methods 248

2.4.7. Linear equations: other applications 259

2.4.8. Capillary heat pipe 275

2.4.9 Freezing in porous media 284

Glossary 299

Bibliography 305

Index 309

Summary of other Volumes in the Series 311