Fluid Mechanics

R.C. Hibbeler graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana with a BS in Civil Engineering (major in Structures) and an MS in Nuclear Engineering. He obtained his PhD in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Northwestern University. Hibbeler's professional experience includes postdoctoral work in reactor safety and analysis at Argonne National Laboratory, and structural and stress analysis work at Chicago Bridge and Iron, as well as Sargent and Lundy in Chicago. He has practiced engineering in Ohio, New York, and Louisiana. Hibbeler currently teaches both civil and mechanical engineering courses at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette. In the past he has taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana, Youngstown State University, Illinois Institute of Technology, and Union College.

FLUID MECHANICS R.C. Hibbeler

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1

Fundamental Concepts



1-1. Introduction



1-2. Characteristics of Matter



1-3. Systems of Units



1-4. Calculations



1-5. Problem Solving



1-6. Basic Fluid Properties



1-7. Viscosity



1-8 Viscosity Measurement



1-9. Vapor Pressure



1-10. Surface Tension and Capillarity



Chapter 2



Fluid Statics



2-1. Pressure



2-2. Absolute and Gage Pressure



2-3. Static Pressure Variation



2-4. Pressure Variation for Incompressible



2-5. Pressure Variation for Compressible Fluids



2-6. Measurement of Static Pressure



2-7. Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces



2-8. Hydrostatic Forces on an Incline Plane or Curved Surface

Determined by Projection



2-9. Buoyancy



2-10. Stability



2-11. Constant Accelerated Translation of a Liquid



2-12. Steady Rotation of a Liquid.



Chapter 3



Kinematics of Fluid Motion



3-1. Types of Flow Description



3-2. Types of Fluid Flow



3-3. Graphical Descriptions of Fluid Flow



3-4. Fluid Acceleration



3-5 Streamline Coordinates



3-6. The Reynolds Transport Theorem



Chapter 4



Conservation of Mass



4-1. Rate of Flow and Average Velocity



4-2. Continuity Equation



Chapter 5



Energy of Moving Fluids



5-1. Euler's Equations of Motion



5-2. The Bernoulli Equation



5-3. Applications of Bernoulli's Equation



5-4.Energy and the Hydraulic Gradient.



5-5. The Energy Equation



Chapter 6



Fluid Momentum



6-1. The Linear Momentum Equation



6-2. The Angular Momentum Equation



6-3. Propellers



6-4. Applications for Control Volumes Having Rectilinear Accelerated Motion



6-5. Turbojets



6-6. Rockets



Chapter 7



Differential Fluid Flow



7-1. Differential Analysis



7-2. Kinematics of Differential Fluid Elements



7-3. Circulation and Vorticity



7-4. Conservation of Mass



7-5. Equations of Motion of a Fluid Particle



7-6. The Euler and Bernoulli Equations



7-7. The Stream Function



7-8. The Potential Function



7-9. Basic Two-Dimensional Flows



7-10. Superposition of Flows



7-11. The Navier-Stokes Equations



7-12. Computational Fluid Dyanmics



Chapter 8



Dimensional Analysis and Similitude



8-1. Dimensional Analysis



8-2. Important Dimensionless Numbers



8-3. The Buckingham Pi Theorem



8-4. Similitude



Chapter 9



Viscous Flow Within Enclosed Surfaces



9-1. Steady Laminar Flow between Parallel Plates



9-2. Navier-Stokes Solution for Steady Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates



9-3. Steady Laminar Flow Within A Smooth Pipe



9-3. Laminar and Turbulent Shear Stress Within a Smooth Pipe



9-4. Navier-Stokes Solution for Steady Laminar Flow Within a Smooth Pipe



9-5. The Reynolds Number



9-6. Laminar and Turbulent Shear Stress Within a Smooth Pipe



9-7. Fully Developed Flow From an Entrance



9-8. Turbulent Flow Within a Smooth Pipe



Chapter 10



Analysis and Design for Pipe Flow



10-1. Resistance to Flow in Rough Pipes



10-2. Losses Occurring From Pipe Fittings And Transitions



10-3. Single Pipeline Flow



10-4. Pipe Systems



10-5. Flow Measurement



Chapter 11



Viscous Flow Over External Surfaces



11-1 The Concept of the Boundary Layer



11-2. Laminar Boundary Layers



11-3 The Momentum Integral Equation



11-4 Turbulent Boundary Layers



11-5. Laminar and Turbulent Boundary Layers



11-6. Drag and Lift



11-7. Pressure Gradient Effects



11-8. The Drag Coefficient



11-9. Methods for Reducing Drag



11-10. Lift and Drag on an Airfoil



Chapter 12



Turbomachinery



12-1. Types of Turbomachines



12-2. Axial-Flow Pumps



12-3. Ideal Performance for Axial-Flow Pumps



12-4. Radial-Flow Pumps



12-5. Turbines



12-6. Pump Performance



12-7. Cavitation and Net Positive Suction Head



12-8. Pump Selection Related to the Flow System



12-9.Turbomachine Similitude



Chapter 13



Open Channel Flow



13-1. Types of Flow in Open Channels



13-2. Wave Celerity



13-3. Specific Energy



13-4. Open Channel Flow Over a Rise



13-5. Open Channel Flow Through a Sluice Gate



13-6. Steady Uniform Channel Flow



13-7. Gradual Flow With Varying Depth



13- 8. The Hydraulic Jump



13-9. Weirs



Chapter 14



Compressible Flow



14-1. Thermodynamic Concepts



14-2. Wave Propagation Through a Compressible Fluid



14-3. Types of Compressible Flow



14-4. Isentropic Stagnation Properties



14-5. Isentropic Flow Through a Variable Area



14-6. Isentropic Flow Through Converging and Diverging Nozzles



14-7. Normal Shock Waves



14-8. Shock Waves in Nozzles



14-9. Oblique Shocks



14-10. Compression and Expansion Waves



14-11. Compressible Flow Measurement