Measuring Techniques

13. Micrometry and Fundamentals of Microstereology. Mechanical equipment for micrometry. Graticules for light microscopy. Optical micrometric devices. Photometric micrometry. Principles and methods of microstereology. Instruments for microstereometric analysis. Applications of microstereology. 14. Microphotometry, Microfluorometry, and Flow Cytometry. Microphotometric systems. Techniques and procedures of microphotometry. Fields of application of microphotometry. Microscope fluorometry. Fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR). Flow cytometry. 15. Quantitative Polarizing Microscopy. Specific features of the polarizing microscope. Methods to correct light extinction in polarizing microscopes. Video-enhanced polarizing microscopy. Measurements by using polarizing microscopes. 16. Microinterferometry. Review of classical microinterferometric methods. Bird's eye view of modern microinterferometers. Conventional microinterferometric techniques. Variable-wavelength microinterferometry. Measurements of refractive index and/or thickness of microobjects. Interference microinterferometry of liquids. Microinterferometry of thin films. Microinterferometry of periodic structures. Microinterferometry of birefringent crystals. Microinterferometry of textile fibres. Determination of the refractive index profile of optical fibres. Microinterferometric measurements on biological objects. Microinterferometric studies of surface roughness. Other applications of microinterferometry. 17. Microdiffractometry. Principles of optical diffractometry. Optical microscope used as a microdiffractometer. Laser diffractometers for analysis of microscopic structures. Automatic analysis of microobjects by optical correlation. Other aspects of microdiffractometry. 18. Automatic Analysers of Microscopic Images. Automatic image analysers of the Quantiment-type. Honeywell automated computerized scanning system and other instruments for analysing blood cells. Leyden television analyser and other image analysis systems for cytology and histology. Other systems of computerized microscopy. 19. Laser Doppler Microscopy. Physical principles of laser Doppler microscopy. Systems of laser Doppler microscopy. Applications of laser Doppler microscopy to measurements of flow. Epilogue to Volume 3. References. Index of Names. Subject Index. Plates.