CMOS Sigma-Delta Converters (eBook)

José M. de la Rosa, IEEE Senior Member, received the M.S. degree in Physics in 1993 and the Ph.D. degree in Microelectronics in 2000, both from the University of Seville, Spain. Since 1993 he has been working at the Institute of Microelectronics of Seville (IMSE), which is in turn part of the Spanish Microelectronics Center (CNM) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). He is also with the Department of Electronics and Electromagnetism of the University of Seville, where he is currently an Associate Professor. His main research interests are in the field of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits, especially high-performance data converters, including analysis, behavioral modeling, design and design automation of such circuits. In these topics, Dr. de la Rosa has participated in a number of National and European research and industrial projects, and has co-authored more than 170 international peer-reviewed publications, including journal and conference papers, book chapters and the books Systematic Design of CMOS Switched-Current Bandpass Sigma-Delta Modulators for Digital Communication Chips (Kluwer, 2002), CMOS Cascade Sigma-Delta Modulators for Sensors and Telecom: Error Analysis and Practical Design (Springer, 2006) and Nanometer CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulators for Software Defined Radio (Springer, 2011). Dr. de la Rosa is a member of the Analog Signal Processing Technical Committee of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He serves as Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers. He has also served and is currently serving as a review committee member of IEEE ISCAS conference. He participated and is currently participating in the organizing and technical committees of diverse international conferences, among others IEEE MWSCAS, IEEE ICECS, IEEE LASCAS, IFIP/IEEE VLSI-SoC and DATE. He served as TPC co-chair of IEEE MWSCAS 2012 and IEEE ICECS 2012. Rocío del Río Fernández received the M.S. degree in 1996 in Electronic Physics and the Ph.D. degree in 2004, both from the University of Seville, Spain. She joined the Department of Electronics and Electromagnetism of the University of Seville in 1995, where she is an Associate Professor. She is also since 1995 at the Institute of Microelectronics of Seville IMSE-CNM (CSIC / University of Seville), where she works in the group of "Analog and Mixed-Signal Microelectronics". Her main areas of interest are in the field of analog-to-digital converters (especially sigma-delta ADCs), including analysis, behavioral modeling, and design automation. She has participated in diverse National and European R&D projects and has co-authored more than 90 international publications, including journal and conference papers, and books and book chapters. Dr. del Río has co-authored the books CMOS Cascade Sigma-Delta Modulators for Sensor and Telecom: Error Analysis and Practical Design (Springer, 2006) and Nanometer CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulators for Software Defined Radio (Springer, 2011).

List of Abbreviations xvii

Preface xxi

Acknowledgements xxvii

1 Introduction to SigmaDelta Modulators: Basic Concepts andFundamentals 1

1.1 Basics of A/D Conversion 2

1.2 Basics of Sigma-Delta Modulators 8

1.3 Classification of SigmaDelta Modulators 15

1.4 Single-Loop SigmaDelta Modulators 16

1.5 Cascade SigmaDelta Modulators 24

1.6 Multibit SigmaDelta Modulators 29

1.7 Band-Pass SigmaDelta Modulators 36

1.8 Continuous-Time SigmaDelta Modulators 41

1.9 Summary 49

2 Circuits and Errors: Systematic Analysis and PracticalDesign Issues 54

2.1 Nonidealities in Switched-Capacitor SigmaDelta Modulators55

2.2 Finite Amplifier Gain in SC-SigmaDeltaMs 56

2.3 Capacitor Mismatch in SC-SigmaDeltaMs 60

2.4 Integrator Settling Error in SC-SigmaDeltaMs 62

2.5 Circuit Noise in SC-SigmaDeltaMs 71

2.6 Clock Jitter in SC-SigmaDeltaMs 75

2.7 Sources of Distortion in SC-SigmaDeltaMs 76

2.8 Nonidealities in Continuous-Time SigmaDelta Modulators80

2.9 Clock Jitter in CT-SigmaDeltaMs 81

2.10 Excess Loop Delay in CT-SigmaDeltaMs 85

2.11 Quantizer Metastability in CT-SigmaDeltaMs 88

2.12 Finite Amplifier Gain in CT-SigmaDeltaMs 89

2.13 Time-Constant Error in CT-SigmaDeltaMs 92

2.14 Finite Integrator Dynamics in CT-SigmaDeltaMs 94

2.15 Circuit Noise in CT-SigmaDeltaMs 95

2.16 Sources of Distortion in CT-SigmaDeltaMs 97

2.17 Case Study: High-Level Sizing of a SigmaDeltaM 99

2.18 Summary 107

3 Behavioral Modeling and High-Level Simulation 110

3.1 Systematic Design Methodology of SigmaDelta Modulators110

3.2 Simulation Approaches for the High-Level Evaluation ofSigmaDeltaMs 113

3.3 Implementing SigmaDeltaM Behavioral Models 118

3.4 Efficient Behavioral Modeling of SigmaDeltaM BuildingBlocks using C-MEX S-Functions 134

3.5 SIMSIDES: A SIMULINK-Based Behavioral Simulator forSigmaDeltaMs 159

3.6 Using SIMSIDES for the High-Level Sizing and Verification ofSigmaDeltaMs 167

3.7 Summary 183

4 Circuit-Level Design, Implementation, and Verification186

4.1 Macromodeling SigmaDeltaMs 186

4.2 Including Noise in Transient Electrical Simulations ofSigmaDeltaMs 199

4.3 Processing SigmaDeltaM Output Results of ElectricalSimulations 208

4.4 Design Considerations and Simulation Test Benches ofSigmaDeltaM Basic Building Blocks 213

4.5 Auxiliary SigmaDeltaM Building Blocks 250

4.6 Layout Design, Floorplanning, and Practical Issues 257

4.7 Chip Package, Test PCB, and Experimental Set-Up 263

4.8 Summary 270

5 Frontiers of SigmaDelta Modulators: Trends and Challenges273

5.1 Overview of the State of the Art on SigmaDeltaMs 274

5.2 Empirical and Statistical Analysis of State-of-the-ArtSigmaDeltaMs 291

5.3 Cutting-Edge SigmaDeltaM Architectures and Techniques300

5.4 Classification of State-of-the-Art References 319

5.5 Summary 319

A SIMSIDES User Guide 334

A.1 Getting Started: Installing and Running SIMSIDES 334

A.2 Building and Editing SigmaDeltaM Architectures in SIMSIDES335

A.3 Analyzing SigmaDeltaMs in SIMSIDES 337

A.4 Example 345

A.5 Getting Help 354

B SIMSIDES Block Libraries and Models 355

B.1 Overview of SIMSIDES Libraries 355

B.2 Ideal Libraries 355

B.3 Real SC Building-Block Libraries 361

B.4 Real SI Building-Block Libraries 364

B.5 Real CT Building-Block Libraries 371

B.6 Real Quantizers and Comparators 382

B.7 Real D/A Converters 382

B.8 Auxiliary Blocks 384

Index 389