Advances in Echo Imaging Using Contrast Enhancement

One: Echo-enhancement agents: basic aspects.- 1. Contrast echocardiography — a historical perspective.- 2. Microbubble fluid dynamics of echocontrast.- 3. Physics of microbubble scattering.- 4. Spontaneous echocontrast: etiology, technology, dependence and clinical implications.- 5. Echo-enhancing agents: their physics and pharmacology.- 6. Echo-enhancing agents: safety.- 7. Behavior of echocontrast microbubbles in the microvasculature.- 8. Imaging instrumentation for ultrasound contrast agents.- 9. Doppler myocardial imaging.- 10. Quantitative Doppler intensitometry.- Two: Contrast echocardiography: clinical aspects.- 11. Contrast echocardiography today.- 12. Clinical use of contrast agents: technical (practical) considerations.- 13. Right heart echo-enhancement in the assessment of pulmonary artery pressures and right ventricular function.- 14. Contrast-enhanced color Doppler in the assessment of mitral Regurgitation.- 15. Contrast-enhanced Doppler in the assessment of aortic stenosis.- 16. Detection of intrapulmonary vasodilatation and diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome using contrast echocardiography.- 17. Identification of right-sided structures by contrast transesophageal echocardiography, with emphasis on patent foramen ovale.- 18. Contrast echo-enhancement during transesophageal echocardiography: indications and clinical benefits.- 19. Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of coronary flow reserve and coronary artery stenosis using echo enhancement.- 20. Left ventricular contrast echocardiography — echoventriculography — stress echocardiography.- 21. Contrast color flow Doppler evaluation of the left ventricle.- 22. Usefulness of echo enhancement in stress echocardiography (USA experience).- 23. Assessment of myocardial perfusion with variousintravenous echo-enhancing agents.- 24. Myocardial contrast echocardiography in ischemic heart disease: Osaka experience.- 25. Assessment of myocardial viability post-infarction with myocardial contrast echocardiography.- 26. Can myocardial echocontrast replace thallium?.- 27. Intraoperative applications of contrast echocardiography.- 28. Harmonic imaging during contrast echocardiography: basic principles and potential clinical value.- 29. Transient response imaging during contrast echocardiography.- 30. Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of myocardial perfusion abnormalities.- 31. Three-dimensional visualization of myocardial perfusion using contrast echocardiography.- Three: Echo-enhancement agents in Doppler vascular sonography.- 32. Usefulness of echo-enhancement in Doppler assessment of carotid arteries.- 33. Contrast-enhanced transcranial color Doppler imaging.- 34. The promise of sonographic contrast agents in the kidney.- 35. Ultrasound contrast agents in peripheral vascular disease.- 36. Clinical usefulness of color Doppler enhancement in the assessment of the liver and the portal system.- 37. Echo-enhancing agents in tumors.- 38. Examination of efficacy of SHU 508A for color Doppler sonography of peripheral vascular diseases and soft tissue tumors in the pelvis and extremity.- 39. Contrast-enhanced color Doppler in the diagnosis of liver tumors.- Four: Work in progress.- 40. Visualization of intramyocardial vasculature by contrast Echocardiography.- 41. Visualization of intramyocardial coronary vessels by color Doppler.- 42. Development of a novel site-targeted ultrasonic contrast agent.- 43. Acoustically stimulated microbubbles in diagnostic ultrasound: properties and implications for diagnostic use.- 44. Microvascular imaging — results from aphase I study of the novel polymeric ultrasound contrast agent SHU 563A.