Mechanical Behavior of Concrete (eBook)

Jean-Michel Torrenti is the R & D director of the Materials and Structures Department of IFSTTAR and a Professor at Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees. His research concerns the mechanics of concrete and its coupling with durability aspects, and has been applied to modeling the behavior of structures such as bridges, nuclear power plants and nuclear waste storage. He is the co-author of several books concerning concrete and concrete structures. Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot graduated from Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan - France - in 1985 and obtained a Ph.D. from Northwestern University. He was appointed professor at Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan in 1992 where he was the head of the civil and environmental engineering group. He joined Ecole Centrale de Nantes in 1999 and started a research and technology group specialising in the durability of concrete structures. Jean-Marie Reynouard is the editor of Mechanical Behavior of Concrete, published by Wiley.

Foreword xi

PART 1. INSTANTANEOUS OR TIME-INDEPENDENT MODELS FOR CONCRETE1

Chapter 1. Test Techniques and Experimental Characterization3
Nicolas BURLION

1.1. Introduction 3

1.2. Experimental specificities related to concrete material4

1.3. Extensometers and experimental conditions 12

1.4. Behavior of concrete under uniaxial stress: classical tests21

1.5. Concrete under multiaxial stresses 32

1.6. Conclusions regarding the experimental characterization ofthe multiaxial behavior of concrete 54

1.7. Bibliography 55

Chapter 2. Modeling the Macroscopic Behavior of Concrete63
Jean-Marie REYNOUARD, Jean-François GEORGIN, Khalil HAIDAR andGilles PIJAUDIER-CABOT

2.1. Introduction 63

2.2. The discrete approach 65

2.3. Continuous approach 71

2.4. Conclusion 106

2.5. Bibliography 115

Chapter 3. Failure and Size Effect of Structural Concrete121
Gilles PIJAUDIER-CABOT and Khalil HAIDAR

3.1. Introduction 121

3.2. Probabilistic structural size effect 124

3.3. Deterministic size effect 130

3.4. Fractality and size effect 134

3.5. Size effect and calibration of non-local models 138

3.6. Conclusions 143

3.7. Acknowledgement 145

3.8. Bibliography 145

PART 2. CONCRETE UNDER CYCLIC AND DYNAMIC LOADING 149

Chapter 4. Cyclic Behavior of Concrete and ReinforcedConcrete 151
Jean-François DUBÉ

4.1. Characterization tests of the cyclic behavior 151

4.2. Modeling the reinforced concrete cyclic behavior 163

4.3. Modeling of the cyclic behavior of concrete 170

4.4. Conclusions 180

4.5. Bibliography 181

Chapter 5. Cyclic and Dynamic Loading Fatigue of StructuralConcrete 185
Jean-François DESTREBECQ

5.1. Introduction 185

5.2. The mechanisms of concrete fatigue 186

5.3. The fatigue strength under uniaxial compression or traction193

5.4. Extension to Aas-Jakobsen's formula 197

5.5. Fatigue under multiaxial loading 202

5.6. Fatigue under high-level cyclic loading 207

5.7. Fatigue strength under variable level cyclic loadings214

5.8. Bibliography 219

Chapter 6. Rate-Dependent Behavior and Modeling for TransientAnalyses 225
Fabrice GATUINGT

6.1. Introduction 225

6.2. Experimental behavior 225

6.3. Behavior modeling of concrete in dynamics 240

6.4. Bibliography 261

PART 3. TIME-DEPENDENT RESPONSE OF CONCRETE 265

Chapter 7. Concrete at an Early Age: the Major Parameters267
Vincent WALLER and Buqan MIAO

7.1. Introduction 267

7.2. Influence of the composition of concrete 267

7.3. Consequences of boundary conditions 282

7.4. Conclusion 290

7.5. Bibliography 290

Chapter 8. Modeling Concrete at Early Age 297
Franz-Josef ULM, Jean-Michel TORRENTI, Benoît BISSONETTE andJacques MARCHAND

8.1. Introduction 297

8.2. The coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical problem 297

8.3. Data collection and experimental methods 309

8.4. Conclusion 331

8.5. Bibliography 331

Chapter 9. Delayed Effects - Creep and Shrinkage339
Farid BENBOUDJEMA, Fékri MEFTAH, Grégory HEINFLING,Fabrice LEMAOU and Jean Michel TORRENTI

9.1. Introduction 339

9.2. Definitions and mechanisms 340

9.3. Experimental approach 354

9.4. Delayed response modeling 361

9.5. Codified models 383

9.6. Conclusion 400

9.7. Bibliography 400

Closing Remarks: New Concretes, New Techniques, and FutureModels 409
Jean Michel TORRENTI, Gilles PIJAUDIER-CABOT and Jean-MarieREYNOUARD

List of Authors 415

Index 417