Imaging in Paediatric Urology

1 Clinical Aspects of Paediatric Urology.- 1.1 Embryology.- 1.2 Anomalies of the Upper Urinary Tract.- 1.3 Anomalies of the Lower Urinary Tract.- 1.4 Prune-belly Syndrome.- 1.5 Urinary Tract Infections.- 1.6 Urolithiasis.- 1.7 Vesico-ureteral Reflux.- 1.8 Megaureter.- 1.9 Obstructive Uropathy.- 1.10 Paediatric Oncology.- References.- 2 Diagnostic Procedures in Paediatric Uroradiology.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Ultrasonography.- 2.3 Voiding Cysto-urethrography.- 2.4 Intravenous Urography.- 2.5 Computed Tomography.- 2.5.1 Technique.- 2.6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- 2.7 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy in Paediatric Urology.- 3.1 Radiopharmaceuticals for Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy.- 3.2 Radiopharmaceuticals for Static Renal Scintigraphy.- 3.3 Dose Schedules and Radiation Burden.- 3.4 Renal Imaging.- 3.5 Renal Clearance.- 3.6 Diuresis Scintigraphy.- 3.7 Renal Cortical Scintigraphy.- 3.8 Radionuclide Cystography.- 3.8 Direct Radionuclide Cystography.- 3.8. Indirect Radionuclide Cystography.- 3.9 Meta-iodobenzylguanidine in Neuroblastoma.- References.- 4 Case Reports.- Case 1: Bilateral Renal Hypoplasia.- Case 2: Unilateral Renal Agenesis Combined with VUR on the Contralateral Side.- Case 3: Pancake Kidney.- Case 4: Unilateral Renal Dysplasia with Contralateral Subpelvic Obstruction.- Case 5: Horseshoe Kidney and Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infections.- Case 6: Horseshoe Kidney with a Megaureter on the Right Side.- Case 7: Upper Urinary Tract Infection Combined with Reversible Renal Lesions Seen on 99mTc-DMSA Scan and Ectopic Position of One Kidney.- Case 8: Renal Damage Following Multifocal Pyelonephritis.- Case 9: Subpelvic Obstruction During Early Childhood.- Case 10: Recurrent Renal Colics Caused by an Extrinsic Subpelvic Stenosis.- Case 11:Dilatation of the Renal Pelvis Without Obstruction.- Case 12: Prenatally Diagnosed Unilateral Dilation of the Renal Pelvis.- Case 13: Intermittent Colics with Macrohaematuria Due to Extrinsic Subpelvic Stenosis.- Case 14: Prune Belly Syndrome (Unilateral Manifestation).- Case 15: Obstructive Megaureter.- Case 15: Congenital Bilateral Megaureter.- Case 17: Incontinence Caused by an Ectopic Ureter.- Case 18: Bilateral Single Ectopic Ureter.- Case 19: Duplex System with Ectopic and Obstructive Megaureter.- Case 20: Renal Duplication with Dysplastic Upper Pole and Ureterocele.- Case 21: Bilateral Renal Duplication and VUR.- Case 22: Duplex-System with Dysplastic-Lower Pole and Reflux Nephropathy.- Case 23: Dysplastic Kidney with Severe VUR.- Case 24: Reflux Nephropathy After Two Episodes of Pyelonephritis Caused by Secondary Reflux and a Meatal Stenosis.- Case 25: High-grade Bilateral VUR and Reflux Nephropathy.- Case 26: Functional Disturbance of Micturition with Secondary Bilateral VUR.- Case 27: Left-sided Dysplastic Multicystic Kidney and Testicular Dysplasia Combined with Contralateral High-grade VUR.- Case 28: Polycystic Kidney (Autosomal Dominant Type).- Case 29: Tuberous Sclerosis - Cystic Renal Disease.- Case 30: Urethral Valve - Severe Secondary Reflux.- Case 31: Terminal Renal Insufficiency Due to Obstructive Uropathy Caused by a Urethral Valve: Renal Transplantation at 2 1/2 Years of Age.- Case 32: Bladder Exstrophy and Uretero-enterostomy (Mainz Pouch II).- Case 33: Neonatal Renal Vein Thrombosis.- Case 34: Nephrolithiasis, Cystinuria.- Case 35: Hereditary Nephrolithiasis Due to Hyperresorptive Hypercalciuria.- Case 36: Renal Bruise on the Right Side.- Case 37: Wilms' Tumour - Aniridia Syndrome with Deletion of 11pl2.- Case 38: Neuroblastoma.

From the reviews:

"The book is based on the extensive experience of the team from the University of Göttingen in the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric urological disorders. ... this is a good, well-documented book that might be helpful for any practitioner involved in the management of urological disorders in childhood!" (A. Ugrinksa, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Vol. 31 (4), April, 2004)

"This book represents a multidisciplinary approach to the imaging and clinical management of pediatric urological disorders. ... illustrations provide a clear, informative, and clinically relevant addition for readers ... . The quality of the paper, illustrations, figures and tables is good. ... Overall, the book does fulfill the purpose of providing a multidisciplinary approach ... . Those readers most likely to benefit from this book include radiologists and nuclear medicine specialists who encounter pediatric patients ... ." (Patricia Lowry, Radiology, September, 2004)

"Type of Book: General review of pediatric urologic entities and imaging evaluation of these conditions. ... The chapters list extensive references. The authors offer a concise, but thorough review of related embryology. The variety of cases discussed is extensive. The authors provide strong clinical correlation with discussion of therapy including specific surgical procedures and laser lithotripsy. ... Overall grade: Excellent." (A. Price, Pediatric Radiology, Vol. 34 (2), 2004)

"Although the title of this text suggests that it may be written primarily for paediatric radiologists, in fact it contains much material that would be equally useful to paediatricians (especially nephrologists), paediatric urologists and their trainees. ... This book would be a delight for both the trainee and established specialist (either clinical or imaging) to read. Indeed, the authors have done well to pack so much useful material in such a concise andeasily accessible format." (Prof. SW Beasley, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, Vol. 40, 2004)

"The text is generally well written ... . The sections on imaging in paediatric uroradiology and nuclear medicine are well written and illustrated. ... the case reports are concisely and well laid out with useful tips. ... The book is not expensive ... and may be most useful to those who wish to learn the basics of paediatric urology." (Dr C Crawley, RAD Magazine, September, 2003)