Human Microbiota (eBook)

David Fredricks is an expert in infectious diseases and the human indigenous microbiota, with a research focus on the bacterial biota of the human vagina and how changes in the composition of vaginal microbes lead to the syndrome bacterial vaginosis. He has authored more than 32 peer reviewed journal articles, 7 book chapters, and 9 editorials or invited reviews. He has been a peer reviewer for more than a dozen major medical and infectious diseases journals, and has served on several NIH study sections.

PREFACE vii

CONTRIBUTORS xi

1 THE NIH HUMAN MICROBIOME PROJECT 1

Lita M. Proctor, Shaila Chhibba, Jean McEwen, Jane Peterson,
Chris Wellington, Carl Baker, Maria Giovanni, Pamela McInnes, and
R. Dwayne Lunsford

2 METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED
WITH THE HUMAN BODY 51

Christine Bassis, Vincent Young, and Thomas Schmidt

3 PHYLOARRAYS 75

Eoin L. Brodie and Susan V. Lynch

4 MATHEMATICAL APPROACHES FOR DESCRIBING MICROBIAL POPULATIONS:
PRACTICE AND THEORY FOR EXTRAPOLATION OF RICH ENVIRONMENTS 85

Manuel E. Lladser and Rob Knight

5 TENSION AT THE BORDER: HOW HOST GENETICS AND THE ENTERIC
MICROBIOTA CONSPIRE TO PROMOTE CROHN'S DISEASE 105

Daniel N. Frank and Ellen Li

6 THE HUMAN AIRWAY MICROBIOME 119

Edith T. Zemanick and J. Kirk Harris

7 MICROBIOTA OF THE MOUTH: A BLESSING OR A CURSE? 135

Angela H. Nobbs, David Dymock, and Howard F. Jenkinson

8 MICROBIOTA OF THE GENITOURINARY TRACT 167

Laura K. Sycuro and David N. Fredricks

9 FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN HEALTH AND
DISEASE 211

Alexander Swidsinski and Vera Loening-Baucke

10 FROM FLY TO HUMAN: UNDERSTANDING HOW COMMENSAL MICROORGANISMS
INFLUENCE HOST IMMUNITY AND HEALTH 255

June L. Round

11 INSIGHTS INTO THE HUMAN MICROBIOME FROM ANIMAL MODELS
273

Bethany A. Rader and Karen Guillemin

12 TO GROW OR NOT TO GROW: ISOLATION AND CULTIVATION PROCEDURES
IN THE GENOMIC AGE 289

Karsten Zengler

13 NEW APPROACHES TO CULTIVATION OF HUMAN MICROBIOTA 303

Slava S. Epstein, Maria Sizova, and Amanda Hazen

14 MANIPULATING THE INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA IN HUMANS: PREBIOTICS,
PROBIOTICS, AND SYNBIOTICS 315

George T. Macfarlane and Sandra Macfarlane

INDEX 339

"Overall, this book provides a concise overview of the
human microbiota in and on different body sites, a bit too concise
for me. It fulfils the intention to discuss many different body
sites but in doing so neglects to get to the detailed description
of the human microbiota, let alone to give a good overview of their
role in health and disease." (Beneficial
Microbes, 1 March 2014)

"Having said that, I'm sure the book will be of
interest to all those studying the effects of micro-organisms on
the human body." (Microbiology Today, 30 August
2013)