Principles of Polymerization (eBook)

GEORGE ODIAN received his PhD from Columbia University. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at the College of Staten Island of the City University of New York. He has previously served as professor of chemistry and chairman, Division of Pure and Applied Sciences at Richmond College of CUNY, assistant professor at Columbia University, research director of RAI Research Company, and research chemist at Thiokol Chemical Company. He has written over sixty research publications and authored both taped and short courses for the American Chemical Society. He is also the coauthor of four books in general, organic, and biochemistry.

Preface.

1. Introduction.

1.1 Types of Polymers and Polymerizations.

1.2 Nomenclature of Polymers.

1.3 Linear, Branched, and Crosslinked Polymers.

1.4 Molecular Weight.

1.5 Physical State.

1.6 Applications of Polymers.

2. Step Polymerization.

2.1 Reactivity of Functional Groups.

2.2 Kinetics of Step Polymerization.

2.3 Accessibility of Functional Groups.

2.4 Equilibrium Considerations.

2.5 Cyclization versus Linear Polymerization.

2.6 Molecular Weight Control in Linear Polymerization.

2.7 Molecular Weight Distribution in Linear Polymerization.

2.8 Process Condition.

2.9 Multichain Polymerization.

2.10 Crosslinking.

2.11 Molecular Weight Distributions in Nonlinear Polymerizations.

2.12 Crosslinking Technology.

2.13 Step Copolymerization.

2.14 High-Performance Polymers.

2.15 Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers.

2.16 Dendric (Highly Branched) Polymers.

3. Radical Chain Polymerization.

3.1 Nature and Radical Chain Polymerization.

3.2 Structural Arrangement of Monomer Units.

3.3 Rate of Radical Chain Polymerization.

3.4 Initiation.

3.5 Molecular Weight.

3.6 Chain Transfer.

3.7 Inhibition and Retardation.

3.8 Determination of Absolute Rate Constants.

3.9 Energetic Characteristics.

3.10 Autoacceleration.

3.11 Molecular Weight Distribution.

3.12 Effect of Pressure.

3.13 Process Conditions.

3.14 Specific Commercial Polymers.

3.15 Living Radical Polymerization.

3.16 Other Polymerizations.

4. Emulsion Polymerization.

4.1 Description of Process.

4.2 Quantitative Aspects.

4.3 Other Characteristics of Emulsion Polymerization.

5. Ionic Chain Polymerization.

5.1 Comparison of Radical and Ionic Polymerization.

5.2 Cationic Polymerization of the Carbon-Carbon Double Bond.

5.3 Anionic Polymerization of the Carbon-Carbon Double.

5.4 Block and Other Polymer Architecture.

5.5 Distinguishing Between Radical, Cationic, and Anionic Polymerizations.

5.6 Carbonyl Polymerization.

5.7 Miscellaneous Polymerizations.

6. Chain Copolymerization.

6.1 General Considerations.

6.2 Copolymer Composition.

6.3 Radical Copolymerization.

6.4 Ionic Copolymerization.

6.5 Deviations from Terminal Copolymerization Model.

6.6 Copolymerizations Involving Dienes.

6.7 Other Copolymerizations.

6.8 Applications of Copolymerizations.

7. Ring-Opening Polymerization.

7.1 General Characteristics.

7.2 Cyclic Ethers.

7.3 Lactams.

7.4 N-Carboxy-Amino Acid Anhydrides.

7.5 Lactones.

7.6 Nitrogen Heterocyclics.

7.7 Sulfur Heterocyclics.

7.8 Cycloalkenes.

7.9 Miscellaneous Oxygen Heterocyclics.

7.10 Other Ring-Opening Polymerizations.

7.11 Inorganic and Partially Inorganic Polymers.

7.12 Copolymerization.

8. Stereochemistry of Polymerizaton.

8.1 Types of Stereoisomerism in Polymers.

8.2 Properties of Stereoregular Polymers.

8.3 Forces of Stereoregulation in Alkene Polymerization.

8.4 Traditional Ziegler-Natta Polymerization of Nonpolar Alkene Monomers.

8.5 Metallocene Polymerization of Nonpolar Alkene Monomers.

8.6 Other Hydrocarbon Monomers.

8.7 Copolymerization.

8.8 Postmetallocene: Chelate Initiators.

8.9 Living Polymerization.

8.10 Polymerization of 1,3-Dienes.

8.11 Commercial Applications.

8.12 Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers.

8.13 Alehydes.

8.14 Optical Activity in Polymers.

8.15 Ring-Opening Polymerization.

8.16 Statistical Models of Propagation.

9. Reactions of Polymers.

9.1 Principles of Polymers Reactivity.

9.2 Crosslinking.

9.3 Reactions of Cellulose.

9.4 Reactions of Poly(vinyl) acetate).

9.5 Halogenation.

9.6 Aromatic Substitution.

9.7 Cyclization.

9.8 Other Reactions.

9.9 Graft Copolymers.

9.10 Block Copolymers.

9.11 Polymers as Carriers or Supports.

9.12 Polymer Reagents.

9.13 Polymer Catalysts.

9.14 Polymer Substrates.

Index.

"...this book would be useful...as a reference tool..."
(IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, March/April 2006)

"Chemists, chemical engineers, and material scientists who want
to know more about the chemistry and structural control of polymers
would find extensive information in this book..." (MRS
Bulletin, February 2006)

"...the most comprehensive treatment of this topic
that I have encountered ... an essential component of the book
collection of any research group involved in polymer
synthesis." (Advanced Materials, 2005; Vol., 17;
16)

"...an excellent textbook for today's students
of polymer chemistry, chemical engineering and materials science,
as well as a current reference for the researcher...."
(Apollit, 2005)

"This is the fourth edition of what has not only become a
classic textbook but is most useful as a reference book...the
author...writes clear and precise sentences and makes what can be a
dry subject interesting to read." (E-STREAMS, October
2004)

"...an admirable text for teaching...and also serves as a
valuable reference...a real investment and an important desk
reference for polymer synthesis chemists." (Polymer
News)