Tradeoffs and Optimization in Analog CMOS Design (eBook)

David Binkley is currently Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, a post he has held since 2000. He teaches a number of courses in analog, mixed-signal, and RF integrated circuit design, and received the Tau Beta Pi "Most Influential Teacher of 2001" award for the college of engineering. He has a wealth of experience in the field of analog and mixed signal engineering, having been a practising engineer for over 20 years and having co-founded Concorde Microsystems in 1992 where he and colleagues developed custom, mixed-signal CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) integrated circuits. Previous to this, he was a senior scientist at CTI/Siemens PET Systems engaged in research and design of circuits for PET medical imaging tomographs. David has also been the principal investigator on a number of research projects receiving support from NASA JPL for micropower, analog CMOS circuits, and DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) for design and testing methodologies for mixed-signal integrated circuits. He has published over 60 papers and regularly gives short courses on optimizing analog CMOS design.

Foreword.

Preface.

Acknowledgments.

List of Symbols and Abbreviations.

1 Introduction.

1.1 Importance of Tradeoffs and Optimization in Analog CMOSDesign.

1.2 Industry Designers and University Students as Readers.

1.3 Organization and Overview of Book.

1.4 Full or Selective Reading of Book.

1.5 Example Technologies and Technology Extensions.

1.6 Limitations of the Methods.

1.7 Disclaimer.

PART I MOS Device Performance, Tradeoffs and Optimization forAnalog CMOS Design.

2 MOS Design from Weak through Strong Inversion.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 MOS Design Complexity Compared to Bipolar Design.

2.3 Bipolar Transistor Collector Current andTransconductance.

2.4 MOS Drain Current and Transconductance.

2.5 MOS Drain-Source Conductance.

2.6 Analog CMOS Electronic Design Automation Tools and DesignMethods.

References.

3 MOS Performance versus Drain Current, InversionCoefficient, and Channel Length.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Advantages of Selecting Drain Current, InversionCoefficient, and Channel Length in Analog CMOS Design.

3.3 Process Parameters for Example Processes.

3.4 Substrate Factor and Inversion Coefficient.

3.5 Temperature Effects.

3.6 Sizing Relationships.

3.7 Drain Current and Bias Voltages.

3.8 Small-Signal Parameters and Intrinsic Voltage Gain.

3.9 Capacitances and Bandwidth.

3.10 Noise.

3.11 Mismatch.

3.12 Leakage Current.

References.

4 Tradeoffs in MOS Performance, and Design of DifferentialPairs and Current Mirrors.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Performance Trends.

4.3 Performance Tradeoffs.

4.4 Design of Differential Pairs and Current Mirrors Using theAnalog CMOS Design, Tradeoffs and OptimizationSpreadsheet.

References.

PART II Circuit Design Examples Illustrating Optimization forAnalog CMOS Design.

5 Design of CMOS Operational Transconductance AmplifiersOptimized for DC, Balanced, and AC Performance.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Circuit Description.

5.3 Circuit Analysis and Performance Optimization.

5.4 Design Optimization and Resulting Performance for the SimpleOTAs.

5.5 Design Optimization and Resulting Performance for theCascoded OTAs.

5.6 Prediction Accuracy for Design Guidance andOptimization.

References.

6 Design of Micropower CMOS Preamplifiers Optimized for LowThermal and Flicker Noise.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Using the Lateral Bipolar Transistor for Low-Flicker-NoiseApplications.

6.3 Measures of Preamplifier Noise Performance.

6.4 Reported Micropower, Low-Noise CMOS Preamplifiers.

6.5 MOS Noise versus the Bias Compliance Voltage.

6.6 Extraction of MOS Flicker-Noise Parameters.

6.7 Differential Input Preamplifier.

6.8 Single-Ended Input Preamplifier.

6.9 Prediction Accuracy for Design Guidance andOptimization.

6.10 Summary of Low-Noise Design Methods and ResultingChallenges in Low-Voltage Processes.

References.

7 Extending Optimization Methods to Smaller-Geometry CMOSProcesses and Future Technologies.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Using the Inversion Coefficient for CMOS ProcessIndependence and for Extension to Smaller-Geometry Processes.

7.3 Enhancing Optimization Methods by Including Gate LeakageCurrent Effects.

7.4 Using an Inversion Coefficient Measure for Non-CMOSTechnologies.

References.

Appendix: The Analog CMOS Design, Tradeoffs andOptimization Spreadsheet.

Index.