Resource Allocation in Uplink OFDMA Wireless Systems – Optimal Solutions and Practical Implementation

ELIAS E. YAACOUB , PhD, is currently a research scientist at the Qatar University Wireless Innovations Center. His research interests include scheduling and interference mitigation in multi-cell OFDMA and LTE networks. He has authored numerous journal and conference papers on these topics. Dr. Yaacoub is a member of the IEEE and a member of the Lebanese Order of Engineers. ZAHER DAWY , PhD, is an associate professor at the American University of Beirut (AUB). His research interests include cooperative and distributed communications, resource allocation, cellular technologies, and computational biology. He received the IEEE Communications Society Outstanding Young Researcher Award for Europe, Middle East, and Africa Region in 2011 and the AUB 2008 Teaching Excellence Award. Dr. Dawy is a senior member of the IEEE and Chair of the IEEE Communications Society, Lebanon Chapter.

PREFACE xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv ACRONYMS xvii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Evolution of Wireless Communication Systems 1 1.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access 2 1.3 Organization of this Book 5 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND ON DOWNLINK RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN OFDMA WIRELESS NETWORKS 9 2.1 Centralized Single Cell Scheduling 9 2.2 Distributed Scheduling 13 2.3 Scheduling in Multicell Scenarios 14 2.3.1 Multicell Scheduling in LTE 16 2.4 Summary 18 CHAPTER 3 ERGODIC SUM-RATE MAXIMIZATION WITH CONTINUOUS RATES 19 3.1 Background 19 3.2 Problem Formulation 21 3.3 Problem Solution 23 3.4 Achievable Rate Region 28 3.5 Results and Discussion 35 3.6 Summary 41 CHAPTER 4 ERGODIC SUM-RATE MAXIMIZATION WITH DISCRETE RATES 43 4.1 Background 43 4.2 Problem Formulation 44 4.3 Problem Solution 46 4.4 Results and Discussion 52 4.5 Summary 57 CHAPTER 5 GENERALIZATION TO UTILITY MAXIMIZATION 59 5.1 Background 59 5.2 Ergodic Utility Maximization with Continuous Rates 60 5.3 Ergodic Utility Maximization with Discrete Rates 64 5.4 Summary 68 CHAPTER 6 SUBOPTIMAL IMPLEMENTATION OF ERGODIC SUM-RATE MAXIMIZATION 69 6.1 Background 69 6.2 Suboptimal Approximation of the Continuous Rates Solution 71 6.3 Suboptimal Approximation of the Discrete Rates Solution 73 6.4 Complexity Analysis of the Suboptimal Algorithms 76 6.5 Results and Discussion 78 6.6 Summary 88 CHAPTER 7 SUBOPTIMAL IMPLEMENTATION WITH PROPORTIONAL FAIRNESS 89 7.1 Background 89 7.2 Proportional Fair Scheduling 91 7.3 Low Complexity Utility Maximization Algorithms 94 7.4 Proportional Fair Utilities 100 7.5 Results and Discussion 101 7.6 Summary 112 CHAPTER 8 SCHEDULING WITH DISTRIBUTED BASE STATIONS 113 8.1 Background 113 8.2 System Model 115 8.3 Scheduling with Distributed Base Stations 118 8.4 Results and Discussion 120 8.5 Distributed Base Stations Versus Relays 128 8.6 Distributed Base Stations Versus Femtocells 131 8.7 Summary 133 CHAPTER 9 DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING WITH USER COOPERATION 135 9.1 Background 135 9.2 Cooperative Distributed Scheduling Scheme 136 9.3 Distributed Scheduling Algorithm 140 9.4 Results and Discussion 142 9.5 Summary 149 CHAPTER 10 DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING WITHOUT USER COOPERATION 151 10.1 Background 151 10.2 Noncooperative Distributed Scheduling Scheme 153 10.3 Comparison to Existing Schemes 155 10.4 Analysis of Measurement Inaccuracies 156 10.5 Results and Discussion 160 10.6 Optimization of Transmission Probabilities 165 10.7 Practical Considerations 169 10.8 Summary 171 CHAPTER 11 CENTRALIZED MULTICELL SCHEDULING WITH INTERFERENCE MITIGATION 173 11.1 Background 173 11.2 Problem Formulation 175 11.3 Iterative Pricing-Based Power Control Solution 178 11.4 Pricing Game with Centralized Control 184 11.5 Suboptimal Scheduling Scheme Using Pricing-Based Power Control 186 11.6 Suboptimal Scheduling Scheme Using Probabilistic Transmission 190 11.7 Results and Discussion 191 11.8 Summary 201 CHAPTER 12 DISTRIBUTED MULTICELL SCHEDULING WITH INTERFERENCE MITIGATION 203 12.1 Background 203 12.2 System Model 204 12.3 Intracell Cooperation: Distributed Scheduling 205 12.4 Intercell Interference Mitigation/Avoidance 206 12.5 Results and Discussion 209 12.6 Practical Aspects 217 12.6.3 Application in a CR Network 219 12.6.4 Application in a Network with Femtocell Deployment 219 12.6.5 Distributed Multicell Scheduling without User Cooperation 220 12.7 Summary 221 CHAPTER 13 SCHEDULING IN STATE-OF-THE-ART OFDMA-BASED WIRELESS SYSTEMS 223 13.1 WiMAX Scheduling Overview 223 13.2 LTE Scheduling Overview 228 13.3 SCFDMA Versus OFDMA Scheduling 235 13.4 Comparison to the LTE Power Control Scheme 240 13.5 Summary 245 CHAPTER 14 FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS 247 14.1 Resource Allocation with Multiple Service Classes 247 14.2 Network MIMO 247 14.3 Coalitional Game Theory 248 14.4 Resource Allocation with Femtocells 249 14.5 Green Networks and Self-Organizing Networks 249 14.6 Joint Uplink/Downlink Resource Allocation 250 14.7 Joint Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous Networks 251 14.8 Resource Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks 252 BIBLIOGRAPHY 255 INDEX 269