Gigabit–capable Passive Optical Networks

Dave Hood is a Senior Systems Engineer at Ericsson AB. He has been involved with passive optical networks since they were first conceived in the 1980s. He is presently active in the FSAN and ITU communities, where, among other responsibilities, he serves as editor of OMCI Recommendation G.988. Elmar Trojer is a Senior Systems Engineer at Ericsson AB, where he has developed dynamic line management solutions for ADSL2+ and VDSL2 and prototyped the DSL automatic optimizer that became an Ericsson product. He also prototyped the world's first Gb/s passive optical network system.

Acknowledgments xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Target Audience / 3 1.2 Evolution of G-PON Technology and Standards / 3 2 System Requirements 9 2.1 G-PON Operation / 10 2.2 ONU Types / 13 2.3 Network Considerations / 16 2.4 OLT Variations and Reach Extenders / 26 2.5 ONU Powering / 33 2.6 Technology Requirements / 42 2.7 Management Requirements / 44 2.8 Maintenance / 46 3 Optical Layer 49 3.1 Introduction / 50 3.2 Optical Fiber / 54 3.3 Connectors and Splices / 61 3.4 WDM Devices and Optical Filters / 64 3.5 Passive Optical Splitters / 67 3.6 Power Budget / 71 3.7 Coexistence / 77 3.8 Optical Transmitters / 82 3.9 Optical Receivers / 91 3.10 G-PON Transceiver Modules / 106 3.11 Optical Amplifiers / 113 3.12 Reach Extension / 118 4 Transmission Convergence Layer 127 4.1 Framing / 129 4.2 ONU Activation / 166 4.3 ONU Transmission Timing and Equalization Delay / 177 4.4 ONU Registration / 187 4.5 ONU Energy Conservation / 190 4.6 Security / 200 5 Management 219 5.1 The Toolkit / 219 5.2 Equipment Management / 240 5.3 Reach Extender Management / 249 5.4 PON Maintenance / 252 5.5 Obsolete Fragments of Information Model / 254 6 Services 255 6.1 Basic Ethernet Management / 256 6.2 Multicast / 275 6.3 Quality of Service / 285 6.4 IP Services / 303 6.5 POTS / 306 6.6 Pseudowires / 317 6.7 Digital Subscriber Line UNIs / 333 6.8 RF Video / 337 7 Other Technologies 339 7.1 Ethernet PON, EPON / 340 7.2 Wireless Broadband / 352 7.3 Copper / 353 7.4 Ethernet, Point to Point / 354 7.5 WDM PON / 357 7.6 Access Migration / 360 Appendix I - FEC and HEC in G-PON 363 I.1 Redundancy and Error Correction / 363 I.2 Forward Error Correction / 364 I.3 Hybrid Error Correction / 374 Appendix II - PLOAM Messages 375 II.1. PLOAM Messages in G.987 XG-PON / 375 II.2. PLOAM Messages in G.984 G-PON / 388 References 403 International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector / 403 Broadband Forum / 405 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers / 405 Internet Engineering Task Force / 406 Other / 407 Acronyms 409 Index 423