Modern Biocatalysis (eBook)

Wolf-Dieter Fessner obtained his PhD from the University of Freiburg, following which he carried out postdoctoral research at Harvard University with George Whitesides and at the University of Southern California with George Olah. Since 1998 he has been Full Professor of Organic Chemistry at the Technische Universität Darmstadt. His primary research interest is focused on the development of practical methods for enzymatic carbon-carbon bond formation and oligosaccharide synthesis, and on the interface between chemical and biological catalysis. Thorleif Anthonsen is Professor of Organic Chemistry at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, in Trondheim. He has been a post doc/visiting scholar at Glasgow University, UK, at UCLA Los Angeles, with Donald Cram at MIT Cambridge, USA, with Alexander Klibanov and at Cytel Corporation, San Diego. He has led the biocatalysis group at NTNU whose research focused on synthesis of enantiopure compounds directed towards production of chiral drugs. In 2001 he initiated COST action D25, Applied Biocatalysis, which he also chaired from beginning to end. Professor Anthonsen's primary research interests are natural product chemistry and biocatalysis in organic chemistry.

FLUORESCENCE ASSAYS FOR BIOTRANSFORMATIONS
Introduction
Alcohol Dehydrogenases (ADHs) and Aldolases
Lipases and Esterases
Other Hydrolases
Baeyer-Villigerases
IMMOBILIZATION AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING ENZYMES
Introduction
Adsorption/Electrostatic Interactions
Encapsulation
Covalent Binding/Cross-Linking
CONTINUOUS-FLOW MICROCHANNEL REACTORS WITH SURFACE-IMMOBILIZED BIOCATALYSTS
Introduction
Biocatalytic Synthesis Using Microreaction Technology with Free and Immobilized Enzymes
Novel Microfluidic Immobilized Enzyme Reactors
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lactose
Biocatalytic Process Intensification Using Microreaction Technology
ACTIVITY AND STABILITY OF PROTEASES IN HYDROPHILIC SOLVENTS
Introduction
Activity and Selectivity of Proteases in Synthesis of Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Esters
Enzyme Stability and Conformation
Solvent Engineering
IMPORTANCE OF ENZYME FORMULATION FOR THE ACTIVITY AND ENANTIOSELECTIVITY OF LIPASES IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Introduction
Lipase Formulations and their Activity and Enantioselectivity in Neat Organic Solvent
Why do Additives Affect the Activity and Enantioselectivity of Lipases in Organic Solvent?
DIRECT ESTERIFICATION WITH DRY MYCELIA OF MOLDS: A (STEREO)SELECTIVE, MILD AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR OBTAINING STRUCTURALLY DIVERSE ESTERS
Mycelia and Biotransformations in Organic Media
Screening and Microbiological Aspects
Production of Acetate
Stereoselective Esterifications of Racemic Alcohols
Stereoselective Esterifications of Racemic Carboxylic Acids
Partition Phenomena and Equilibrium of Esterification Reactions
FACTORS AFFECTING ENANTIOSELECTIVITY: ALLOSTERIC EFFECTS
How to Provide Enantiopure Compounds
Factors Affecting the Enantiomeric Ratio E
Asymmetrization of Prochiral Compounds
KINETIC RESOLUTION OF SEC-ALCOHOL IN NON-CONVENTIONAL MEDIA
Introduction
SCFs - Replacement for Organic Solvents in Biocatalysis
Effect of Pressure
Effect of the Acyl Donor/Alcohol Molar Ratio
ILs - Solvents for Sustainable Technology in Biocatalysis
ILs, Based on the N,N'-Dialkylimidazolium Cations as Reaction Media
ILs/SCFs Biphasic Systems as Promising Media for Biocatalysis
The [bmim][PF6]/SC-CO2 System as a Reaction Media
Effect of Acyl Donor Concentration
STRATEGIES FOR THE BIOCATALYTIC LIPOPHILIZATION OF PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
BIOCATALYSIS APPLIED TO THE SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS
Introduction
Chemoenzymatic Modification of the Sugar
Resolution and Anomeric Separation
Biotransformations that Modify the Base
Transglycosylation for the Synthesis of Nucleosides
EFFICIENT FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS WITH A FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE FROM ASPERGILLUS ACULEATUS
Introduction
Purification of Fructosyltransferase in Pectinex Ultra SP-L
Properties of Fructosyltransferase from A. aculeatus
Immobilization of Fructosyltransferase from A. aculeatus
Fructooligosaccharide Production Using Sugar Beet Syrup and Molasses
HYDANTOIN RACEMASE: THE KEY ENZYME FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OPTICALLY PURE ALPHA-AMINO ACIDS
Introduction
Search for New Hydantoin Racemases and Molecular Characterization
Biochemical Characterization of Hydantoin Racemase Enzymes
Substrate Enantioselectivity and Kinetic Analysis of Hydantoin Racemases
Proposal for a Reaction Mechanism of Hydantoin Racemase Enzymes
Design of a Tailormade Recombinant Biocatalyst Including Hydantoin Racemase Enzymes for Optically Pure D-Amino Acid Production
CHEMO-ENZYMATIC DERACEMIZATION METHODS
Introduction
Deracemization Methods for Alpha- and Beta-Hydroxy Acids
Deracemization of Alpha-Hydroxy Nitriles
Deracemization of Alpha-Amino Acids
Useful Enzymes for Deracemization Methods
NITRILASES FROM FILAMENTOUS FUNGI
Introduction
Distribution and Evolutionary Relationship of Fungal Nitrilases
Structural Properties
Catalytic Properties
NITRILASE- AND NITRILE HYDRATASE-CATALYZED ENANTIOSELECTIVE PREPARATION OF NON-PROTEINOGENIC AMINO ACIDS
Introduction
Nitrilase Hydratase/Amidase Biotransformations
Nitrilase Biotransformations
NITRILASES IN