Natural Draught Cooling Towers

Impulses of the Research on the Development of Large Cooling Towers.- Recent Structural Developments.- Ring-Stiffened Shell Constructions - A Structural Alternative or a Technical and Economical Necessity?.- Large Reticulated Steel Cooling Towers.- Design and Construction of Cooling Towers - Recent Developments - Constructional Problems.- Improvement of the Structural Behavior of Cooling Tower Shells by Ring-Stiffeners.- Review and Feedback of Experience Gained over the Last Fifty Years in Design and Construction of Natural Draught Cooling Towers.- The Ring-Stiffened Shell of the Natural Draft Cooling Tower of the ISAR II Nuclear Power Plant.- A New Type of Cooling Tower with Vertical Columns Disconnected from Shell Designed and Built in France.- Wind Loading.- Reliability of Current Design Methods for Wind-Induced Stresses.- Wind Loading of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers without Meridonal Ribs.- Wind Effects on High Cooling Towers (abstract).- A Discussion of the Treatment of Wind Loading in Natural Draught Cooling Towers with Special Reference to Reliability and Simplified Dynamic Factors (abstract).- Dynamics.- Seismic Analysis of Cooling Towers.- Seismic Response of Cooling Towers on Interactive Shallow or Deep Foundations.- Analysis of Cooling Towers due to Horizontal Incident Earthquake Motions Propagating Vertically from Base Rock.- The Earthquake Design of Reinforced Concrete Natural Draught Cooling Towers (abstract).- The Free Vibration Analysis of the Thin, Elastic Hyperboloidal Shell by the Analytical-Numerical Methods.- The Finite Element Solution and Model Tests of Free Vibration of Hyperbolic Cooling Tower.- Stability and Nonlinear Behavior.- The Problem of Kinetic Instabilities in the Natural Wind - Theoretical and Numerical Investigations.- Bucklingof Reinforced Concrete Cooling Tower Shells.- On the Validity of Reinforced Concrete Models of Cooling Tower Shells.- Geometric Imperfections and Buckling in Cooling Tower Shells.- Physically Linear Buckling Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Cooling Towers - Design Necessity or Academic Exercise?.- Nonlinear Behavior of Cooling Tower Shells.- Comparison of Complete and Simplified Elastic Buckling Loads for Cooling Tower Shells.- The Effect of Cracking on the Ultimate Load of Reinforced Concrete Cooling Towers.- Nonlinear Elastic Stability of Cooling Tower Shells.- Design Specification of Tolerances for Geometric Imperfections in Concrete Cooling Towers (abstract).- Structural Behavior and Special Problems.- Two Decades of Cooling Tower Design in the United States of America.- Extreme Loading Effects on Cooling Towers.- Repair of Cooling Towers.- The Effect of Unequal Settlement of Foundation on the Stress Resultants of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers and the Unequal Settlement Tolerance Limit.- Analysis of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers with Local Imperfections.- A Study of the Effect of Geometric Imperfection on the Hyperbolic Cooling Tower Shells (abstract).- Optimization of Large Cooling Towers.- A New Look at the Ultimate Behavior of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers (abstract).- Stress Analysis.- Stress Analysis of Cooling Towers with Ribs and Discrete Supports Using F. E. M..- Economical Calculation for the Optimal Design of General Shells of Revolution for Natural-Draft Cooling Towers by Means of Membrane Theory.- Current Developments in the Cooling Tower Analysis at Purdue University.- An Evaluation Method of Load Combination of Windstorm and Low Atmospheric Temperature on Cooling Towers.- Analysis of Cooling Towers by a Numerical Integration Method.- Durability.- Long TimeMeasurements of the Effects of Water and Temperature on Cooling Towers.- Durability of the Inner Surface of Cooling Tower Shells.- Long Term Deterioration of Concrete Cooling Towers (abstract).- Special Systems for Treatment of Fresh Concrete Surfaces Combined with Long Term Protection.- Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Influences of the Environment on Thin Cooling Tower Shells.- Aerodynamic Aspects of the Inflow Problem of Flue Gases into the Cooling Tower.