Ways of Regulating Drugs in the 19th and 20th Centuries

CHRISTIAN BONAH Professor for the History of Medical and Health Sciences at the University of Strasbourg, France ALBERTO CAMBROSIO Professor in the Department of Social Studies of Medicine at McGill University, Canada MAURICE CASSIER Sociologist and a Senior Researcher for the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France JEREMY GREENE Assistant Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University, USA AXEL C. HÜNTELMANN Academic Assistant at the Institute for the History Theory and Ethics of Medicine at the Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany PETER KEATING Professor of History at the Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada ILANA LÖWY Senior Researcher at INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique), Paris, France HARRY M. MARKS was Associate Professor at the Institute of the History of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, USA DONNA A. MESSNER Research Director at the Center for Medical Technology Policy in Baltimore, USA TOINE PIETERS Professor of the History of Pharmacy at Utrecht University, the Netherlands VIVIANE QUIRKE RCUK Academic Fellow and Senior Lecturer in Modern History and History at Oxford Brookes University, UK STEPHEN SNELDERS Research Fellow at the Descartes Centre for the History and Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities at Utrecht University, the Netherlands

List of Illustrations List of Tables Notes on Contributors General Introduction; J.P.Gaudillière  & V.Hess Secrets, Bureaucracy and the Public: Drug Regulation in Prussia in the 19th century; V.Hess Making Salvarsan. Experimental therapy and the development and marketing of Salvarsan at the interface between science, clinic, industry and public health; A.Hüntelmann Professional and Industrial Regulation in France and Germany: the Trajectories of Plant Extracts; J.P.Gaudillière Making Risks Visible: The Science, Politics and Regulation of Adverse Drug Reactions; H.Marks Regulating Drugs, Regulating Diseases: Consumerism and the U.S. Tolbutamide Controversy; J.Greene Thalidomide, Drug Safety Regulation and the British Pharmaceutical Industry: the Case of Imperial Chemical Industries; V.Quirke What's in a pill? On the Informational Enrichment of Anti-cancer Drugs; A.Cambrosio , P.Keating  & A.Mogoutov Treating Health Risks or Putting Healthy Women at Risk: Controversies around Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer; I.Löwy AZT and Drug Regulatory Reform in the Late Twentieth Century US; D.Messner Professional, Industrial and Court Regulation of Drugs: The 1953 Stalinon Case and Pharmaceutical Reform in Postwar France; C.Bonah Managing Double Binds in the Pharmaceutical Prescription Market: The Case of Halcion; T.Pieters  & S.Snelders Pharmaceutical Patent Law In-the-Making: Opposition and Legal Action by States, Citizens and Generics Laboratories in Brazil and India; M.Cassier