Robert Lacoste's The Darker Side (eBook)

Front cover 1
Title page 2
Copyright page 3
Table of contents 6
Foreword 12
Preface 14
Part 1: Impedance Concerns 18
Chapter 1: Impedance Matching Basics 20
Optimal Heating for the Winter 20
What About AC? 23
Matching Issues 25
LC Matching Networks 25
Matching and Reflections 30
Any Other Solution? 30
Wrapping Up 32
Chapter 2: Microstrip Techniques 34
Transmission Lines 34
Microstrip Tracks 37
Distributed Components 39
Need a Zero-Cost Filter? 41
To the Bench 43
Wrapping Up 47
Chapter 3: Time Domain Reflectometry 50
TDR Basics 50
1-ns Pulse Generator 52
Where Are Your Magnifying Glasses? 53
First Experiments 56
Let’s Simulate It 59
Real Life Versus Simulation 60
Wrapping Up 64
Part 2: Electromagnetic Compatibility 66
Chapter 4: Let’s Play with EMI 68
EMC Basics 68
The Spectrum Analyzer 70
Radiated EMI 73
Conducted EMI 76
Is That All? 79
Chapter 5: Cable-Shielding Experiments 80
Theory Refresher 80
Experimental Setup 84
Comparative Results 86
Rules to Keep in Mind 90
Wrapping Up 92
Part 3: Signal Processing 94
Chapter 6: The Fast Fourier Transform from A to Z 96
Back to Basics 96
Play with FFT 98
DFT and FFT 101
FFT Variants 104
Windowing 105
FFT Applications 106
Chapter 7: No Fear with FIR: 110
Frequency Domain 110
From Frequency to Time 114
FIR for You 116
Anti-aliasing 117
Filter Frequency Response 118
Synthesis! 120
. . . and Simulation 120
Time to Solder 123
Wrapping Up 127
Chapter 8: Multirate Techniques and CIC Filters 128
Multirate? 129
Digital Mixing 131
Decimation 132
Moving Averages and CIC Filters 133
CIC Filter Characteristics 135
Firmware Implementation 142
Wrapping Up 153
Part 4: Oscillators 154
Chapter 9: Let’s Be Crystal Clear 156
Piezoelectricity 156
The Electrical Model 158
Parallel or Series? 160
HCMOS Pierce Oscillator 162
Oscillator Start-Up 165
Is It Stable? 167
Let’s Overtone 169
Wrapping Up 171
Chapter 10: Are You Locked? A PLL Primer 172
VCO Basics 173
PLL Basics 179
Integer or Fractional? 181
PLL Design 182
Silicon Trends 183
It’s Your Turn! 185
Wrapping Up Full books can be written on this subject. I can’t cover everything in a single chapter, but my hope is that the subject is now demystified for you and that you will not be frightened to think “PLL” for your next design. PLLs are not black ma 187
Chapter 11: Direct Digital Synthesis 101 188
DDS Basics 188
DDS Flexibility 190
Who Said Sin(x)/x? 193
Any Other Problem? 196
Software Implementation 200
Silicon Solutions 204
Wrapping Up 207
Part 5: Communications 210
Chapter 12: Open Your Eyes! A Primer on High-Speed Signal Transmission 212
High-Speed Issues 212
Do You See This Eye? 214
Pre-emphasis 217
Equalization 224
Some Silicon 225
Wrapping Up 228
Chapter 13: Digital Modulations Demystified 230
Modulation? 231
OOK? 232
Baseband Filtering 234
FSK and Its Variants 236
Phase Modulation 241
ASK + PSK = QAM 247
From FSK to OFDM 250
Wrapping Up 250
Chapter 14: Antenna Basics 252
Impedance Matching—Again 252
Basic Antennas 253
Microstrip Antennas 257
Antennas in Real Life 263
Wrapping Up 265
Part 6: Power 266
Chapter 15: Low-Power Techniques: 268
SmartyCook 269
Power Budget Calculation 271
Reducing Operating Current 274
Reducing Operating Duration 275
Introducing New Operating Modes 278
Reducing Standby Current 280
Wrapping Up 280
Chapter 16: From Power Line Measurements to PFC 284
Some Basics 284
Regulations 289
Measurements 290
To the Bench 293
Shutting Power Down 299
Wrapping Up 299
Part 7: System Control 300
Chapter 17: PID Control Without Math 302
A Basic Case 303
Proportional? 309
A Derivative Helps! 314
Integral, for Full PID 317
Hardware Improvements 319
Wrapping Up 319
Chapter 18: Linear Control Basics 322
Physical System Modeling 325
Linear Control Standard Format 328
Observable and Reachable? 331
Pole Placement! 333
Wrapping Up 337
APPENDIX A: Scilab Tutorial 338
Scilab? 338
Starting Scilab 339
Basic Functions 341
Vectors and Matrices 342
Plotting 345
Programming Language 347
Toolboxes 348
APPENDIX B: Complex Numbers 101 350
Geometrical Interpretation 350
Polar Form 351
Operations 352
Resources 354
Index 360