Network Processors (eBook)

Cover Page 1
Network Processors 2
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Preface 12
Chapter 1. Introduction and Motivation 14
1.1 Network Processors Ecosystem 14
1.2 Communication Systems and Applications 15
1.3 Network Elements 19
1.4 Network Processors 21
1.5 Structure of This Book 23
1.6 Summary 25
Part 1. Networks 26
Chapter 2. Networking Fundamentals 28
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Networks Primer 30
2.3 Data Networking Models 34
2.4 Basic Network Technologies 38
2.5 Telecom Networks 39
2.6 Data Networks 51
2.7 Summary 82
Appendix A: Registration Protocols 83
Appendix B: Spanning Tree Protocols 85
Chapter 3. Converged Networks 90
3.1 Introduction 90
3.2 From Telecom Networks to Data Networks 91
3.3 From Datacom to Telecom 100
3.4 Summary 147
Appendix A: Routing Information Distribution Protocols 148
Chapter 4. Access and Home Networks 162
4.1 Access Networks 162
4.2 Home and Building Networks 191
4.3 Summary 193
Part 2. Processing 194
Chapter 5. Packet Processing 196
5.1 Introduction and Definitions 196
5.2 Ingress and Egress 199
5.3 Framing 201
5.4 Parsing and Classification 208
5.5 Search, Lookup, and Forwarding 218
5.6 Modification 249
5.7 Compression and Encryption 250
5.8 Queueing and Traffic Management 251
5.9 Summary 252
Chapter 6. Packet Flow Handling 254
6.1 Definitions 255
6.2 Quality of Service 256
6.3 Class of Service 257
6.4 QoS Mechanisms 262
6.5 Summary 299
Chapter 7. Architecture 300
7.1 Introduction 300
7.2 Background and Definitions 302
7.3 Equipment Design Alternatives: ASICS Versus NP 321
7.4 Network Processors Basic Architectures 322
7.5 Instruction Set (Scalability Processing Speed)
7.6 NP Components 327
7.7 Summary 348
Chapter 8. Software 350
8.1 Introduction 351
8.2 Conventional Systems 355
8.3 Programming Models Classification 361
8.4 Parallel Programming 362
8.5 Pipelining 368
8.6 Network Processor Programming 372
8.7 Summary 376
Appendix A: Parsing and Classification Languages 377
Appendix B: Click and NP-Click Language and Programming Model 384
Appendix C: PPL Language and Programming Model 390
Chapter 9. NP Peripherals 392
9.1 Switch Fabrics 392
9.2 Coprocessors 416
9.3 Summary 420
Part 3. A Network Processor: EZchip 422
Chapter 10. EZchip Architecture, Capabilities, and Applications 424
10.1 General Description 424
10.2 System Architecture 426
10.3 Lookup Structures 432
10.4 Counters, Statistics and Rate Control 434
10.5 Traffic Management 437
10.6 Stateful Classification 438
10.7 Multicast Frames 438
10.8 Data Flow 439
10.9 Summary 451
Chapter 11. EZchip Programming 452
11.1 Instruction Pipeline 453
11.2 Writing NP Microcode 456
11.3 Preprocessor Overview 460
11.4 Developing and Running NP Applications 460
11.5 Top Common Commands 462
11.6 Summary 470
Appendix A: Preprocessor Commands 471
Chapter 12. Parsing 474
12.1 Internal Engine Diagram 474
12.2 Topparse Registers 478
12.3 Topparse Structures 482
12.4 Topparse Instruction Set 482
12.5 Example 487
12.6 Summary 491
Appendix A: Detailed Register Description 492
Appendix B: Topparse Addressing Modes 499
Appendix C: Topparse Detailed Instruction Set 500
Chapter 13. Searching 514
13.1 Introduction 514
13.2 Internal Engine Diagram 515
13.3 Topsearch I Structures 518
13.4 Interface to Topparse (Input to Topsearch) 519
13.5 Interface to Topresolve (Output of Topsearch) 522
13.6 Hash Table Learning 524
13.7 Example 526
13.8 Summary 529
Chapter 14. Resolving 530
14.1 Internal Engine Diagram 530
14.2 Topresolve Registers 534
14.3 Topresolve Structures 539
14.4 Topresolve Instruction Set 540
14.5 Example 544
14.6 Summary 549
Appendix A: Detailed Register Description 550
Appendix B: Topresolve Addressing Modes 557
Appendix C: Topresolve Detailed Instruction Set 559
Chapter 15. Modifying 574
15.1 Introduction 574
15.2 Internal Engine Diagram 576
15.3 Topmodify Registers 579
15.4 Topmodify Structures 583
15.5 Topmodify Instruction Set 584
15.6 Example 587
15.7 Summary 596
Appendix A: Detailed Register Description 597
Appendix B: Topmodify Addressing Modes 604
Appendix C: Topmodify Detailed Instruction Set 605
Chapter 16. Running the Virtual Local Area Network Example 616
16.1 Installation 616
16.2 Getting Started 617
16.3 Microcode Development Workflow 620
16.4 Summary 628
Chapter 17. Writing Your First High-Speed Network Application 630
17.1 Introduction 630
17.2 Data Flow and Top Microcode 631
17.3 Data Structures 661
17.4 Summary 667
List of Acronyms 668
References 686
Index 708