International Review of Cytology (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 6
Contributors 8
Chapter 1. The Phylogeny of the Insulin-like Growth Factors 10
I. Introduction 10
II. Overview of Insulin-like Growth Factors in Mammals 14
III. Insulin-like Growth Factors in Nonmammalian Vertebrates 42
IV. IGF-like Peptides in Invertebrates 64
V. Molecular Evolution of the IGF System 68
VI. Concluding Remarks 78
References 81
Chapter 2. Secretion of Mucous Granules and Other Membrane- Bound Structures: A Look Beyond Exocytosis 104
I. Introduction 104
II. Mucous Granules 106
III. Secretion of Membrane-Bound Structures Other Than Mucous Granules 123
IV. Concluding Remarks.. 141
References 142
Chapter 3. Immune–Endocrine Interactions in the Mammalian Adrenal Gland: Facts and Hypotheses 152
I. Introduction 153
II. Cytokines Involved in the Immune–Endocrine Interactions, Their Receptor Subtypes, and Signaling Mechanisms 154
Ill. Cytokine Biosynthesis in the Adrenal Gland 156
IV. Regulation of Cytokine Release in the Adrenal Gland 160
V. Cytokine Receptors and Their Localization in the Adrenal Gland 162
VI. Effects of Cytokines on the Secretory Activity of the Adrenal Cortex 162
VII. Effects of Cytokines on the Growth of the Adrenal Cortex 174
VIII. Physiological and Pathophysiological Relevance of the Immune–Endocrine Interactions in the Adrenal Gland 177
IX. Concluding Remarks 181
References 182
Chapter 4. The Structure, Function, and Cellular Regulation of Ryanodine-Sensitive Ca2+ Release Channels 194
I. Introduction 195
II. Excitation-Contraction Coupling 198
III. Ryanodine–Sensitive Ca2+ Release Channels 203
IV. Regulation of RyR/Ca2+ Release Channel Activity 213
V. Modulation of RyR Activity by Protein–Protein Interactions 235
VI. Modification of the RyR by Calpains 242
VII. Modulation of RyR Activity by Chemical Modification 245
VIII. Regulation of ryr Gene Expression 246
IX. Concluding Remarks 257
References 258
Index 280