Advances in Geophysics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Geophysics, Volume 33 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Chapter 1. Two-Dimensional Numerical Models of Mantle Convection 8
1. Introduction 8
2. Mathematical Formulation 11
3. The Onset of Convection 16
4. Finite Amplitude Convection Models 22
5. Mantle Convection and Seismic Tomography 68
6. Future Convection Models 80
References 81
Chapter 2. Source Mechanism of Earthquakes 88
1. Introduction 88
2. The Origin of Earthquakes 90
3. Models or Representations of the Earthquake Source 93
4. Determination of Source Mechanism Parameters 118
5. Conclusions 138
References 139
Chapter 3. Data Assimilation in Meteorology and Oceanography 148
1. Introduction and Motivation 148
2. Evolution of Data Assimilation in Meteorology 151
3. Atmosphere and Ocean: Dynamics, Data Sets, and Models 154
4. Estimation Theory and Data Assimilation 164
5. Current Status of Meteorological Data Assimilation 175
6. Current Status of Oceanographic Data Assimilation 215
7. Concluding Remarks 258
References 262
Chapter 4. Diabatically Forced Mesoscale Circulations in the Atmosphere 274
1. Introduction 274
2. Free Oscillations 275
3. Effects of Basic State Baroclinicity 279
4. Effects of Horizontal Mean Flow Advection 283
5. Strongly Temperature-Dependent Diabatic Forcing 301
6. Concluding Remarks 310
References 311
Index 314