The authors and editors of this book provide a critical review of autoantibodies and their primary functions. They cite a number of major developments in the field of autoantibodies, including the detection of autoantibodies in which a healthy person is a carrier; the discovery that autoantibodies can be both pathogenic and protective in some cases; and the development of a device that will help monitor and detect a specific autoantibody using a small amount of serum and proteomic arrays. Aside from the pathogenic and protective autoantibodies, the book also discusses irrelevant autoantibodies, as these may be relevant for future research. It also addresses the importance of the autoantibodies in a person's body.
Clinical physicians, as well as scientists interested in the significance of autoantibodies in the human body, will find this book relevant. It will also be of interest to those who suffer from an autoimmune disease.
* Incudes and exhaustive list of autoantibodies not covered by other publications
* Short reviews can easily be checked for quick reference information
* Both basic and clinical aspects are covered
Autoantibodies was published and presented in November 2006 at the International Congress of Autoimmunity in Sorrento, a small town in Campania, Italy. The Congress also celebrated the 100th anniversary of the first routine test for autoantibodies. An autoantibody is a type of antibody that is produced by the immune system and that fights one or more of a person's own proteins. These autoantibodies cause autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus. The authors and editors of this book provide a critical review of autoantibodies and their primary functions. They cite a number of major developments in the field of autoantibodies, including the detection of autoantibodies in which a healthy person is a carrier; the discovery that autoantibodies can be both pathogenic and protective in some cases; and the development of a device that will help monitor and detect a specific autoantibody using a small amount of serum and proteomic arrays. Aside from the pathogenic and protective autoantibodies, the book also discusses irrelevant autoantibodies, as these may be relevant for future research. It also addresses the importance of the autoantibodies in a person's body. Clinical physicians, as well as scientists interested in the significance of autoantibodies in the human body, will find this book relevant. It will also be of interest to those who suffer from an autoimmune disease. Incudes and exhaustive list of autoantibodies not covered by other publications Short reviews can easily be checked for quick reference information Both basic and clinical aspects are covered
Title Page 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Foreword 16
Preface 20
About the Editors 22
List of Contributors 24
Introduction 34
Part I Introduction: Autoantibodies-Unique Characteristics 36
Chapter 1 What is an Autoantibody? 38
Abstract 38
Introduction 38
Characterization of autoimmune diseases 39
Tolerance 39
Concluding remarks 40
References 40
Chapter 2 Natural Autoantibodies, Heralding, Protecting and Inducing Autoimmunity 42
Abstract 42
Historical notes 42
The origin of NAbs 43
NAbs and autoimmunity 44
NAbs and the innate immune system 44
Apoptosis and NAbs 45
Protective NAbs 45
References 47
Chapter 3 Molecular Mimicry 48
Abstract 48
Historical notes 48
Forms of molecular mimicry 49
Natural autoantibodies and molecular mimicry 51
Animal model of molecular mimicry 52
Clinical utility 52
Conclusion 53
References 54
Chapter 4 Affinity and Avidity of Autoantibodies 56
Abstract 56
Historical notes 56
Avidity and affinity 57
Clinical utility in autoimmune disorders 61
Take-home messages 62
References 63
Chapter 5 Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance of Autoantibodies 64
Abstract 64
Introduction 64
Cell surface binding and lysis (cytotoxicity) 65
Binding to cell surface receptors without cytolysis 66
Immune complex–mediated damage 67
Translocation of intracellular antigens to cell membrane 68
Penetration into living cells 69
Binding to extracellular molecules 69
Take-home messages 70
References 70
Chapter 6 Native Autoantigens Versus Recombinant Autoantigens 72
Abstract 72
Introduction 72
Detection of autoantibodies 73
ELISA 73
Native autoantigens 75
Recombinant autoantigens 76
Criteria for usage of autoantigens in immunoassays 78
Limitations of recombinant technology for the production of autoantigens 79
Acknowledgements 79
Take-home messages 79
References 79
Chapter 7 Redox-Reactive Autoantibodies 82
Abstract 82
Historical notes 83
Autoantigens 83
Autoantibodies 84
Acknowledgements 87
Take-home messages 87
References 87
Chapter 8 Predictive Autoantibodies 90
Abstract 90
Introduction 90
Prediction of disease 91
Prediction of specific clinical manifestations 91
Hierarchy of autoantibodies 92
Combining HLA and predictive antibodies in prediction 93
Combining specific genes and antibody testing 93
Implications and future directions 93
Take-home messages 95
References 95
Chapter 9 Autoantibody Subclasses 96
Abstract 96
Historical notes 96
The findings 97
The methods 100
The causes 100
The consequences 101
Conclusion 101
References 102
Chapter 10 Idiotypes and Anti-Idiotypes 104
Abstract 104
Historical notes 105
The autoantigen(s) 105
Structure of idiotypes 106
Genetics 106
Autoantibodies 106
Physiologic role 107
Pathogenic role 107
Clinical utility 109
Summary 110
Take-home messages 110
References 111
Chapter 11 Novel Diagnostic Methods for Autoantibody Detection 112
Abstract 112
The use of single autoantibody tests in the diagnosis and classification of autoimmune diseases: The ‘old’ technologies 113
Multiplex technologies for the study of autoantibody profiles: The ‘new’ technologies 113
The predictive role of autoantibody profiles 116
Take-home messages 116
References 117
Part II Allergic Disease Autoantibodies 118
Chapter 12 Human IgE–Specific Autoantibodies and Autoantibodies to IgE Receptors 120
Summary 120
Human IgE 121
IgE receptors 124
Antibodies to IgE receptors 125
Take-home messages 126
References 126
Part III Antineutrophil Antibodies 128
Chapter 13 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies with Specificity for Myeloperoxidase 130
Abstract 130
Historical notes 131
The autoantigen 131
The autoantibodies 133
Clinical utility 135
Take-home messages 137
References 137
Chapter 14 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies with Specificity for Proteinase 3 140
Abstract 140
Historical notes 141
Autoantigen 141
Autoantibody 142
Clinical utility 143
Take-home messages 144
References 144
Chapter 15 Neutrophil-Specific Antinuclear and Anti-cytoplasmic Antibodies in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases 146
Abstract 146
Historical notes 147
Autoantigens 147
Autoantibody 148
Clinical utility and prognostic value 149
Conclusions 151
References 151
Chapter 16 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmatic Autoantibodies with Specificity to Proteinase 3 154
Abstract 154
Historical notes 155
Autoantigens 155
The autoantibodies 156
Clinical utility 159
Take-home messages 161
References 161
Part IV Introduction: Antinuclear Antibodies 162
Chapter 17 Antinuclear Antibodies: General Introduction 164
Abstract 164
Historical notes 164
Autoantigens 165
Autoantibodies 165
Take-home messages 167
References 168
Chapter 18 Antinucleolar Antibodies 170
Abstract 170
Historical notes 170
Autoantigen 171
Autoantibodies 171
Conclusion 173
Take-home messages 174
References 174
Chapter 19 Anti-Chromatin (Nucleosome) Autoantibodies 176
Abstract 176
Historical notes 177
Autoantigen 177
Autoantibody 178
Clinical utility 180
Conclusion 183
Take-home messages 183
References 183
Chapter 20 Centromere Autoantibodies 186
Abstract 186
Historical notes 186
Autoantigen 187
Autoantibody 189
Methods of detection 190
Clinical utility 190
Take-home messages 192
References 192
Chapter 21 dsDNA Autoantibodies 194
Abstract 194
Historical notes 195
Autoantigen 195
Autoantibody 196
Clinical utility 199
References 202
Chapter 22 Histone Autoantibodies 204
Abstract 204
Historical notes 204
The autoantigens 205
Autoantibodies 208
Clinical utility 210
Take-home messages 211
References 211
Chapter 23 Ku and Ki Autoantibodies 212
Summary 212
Historical notes 212
Autoantigens 213
Autoantibodies 215
Clinical utility 216
Take-home messages 219
References 219
Chapter 24 Neuronal Nuclear Autoantibodies, Type 1 (Hu) 220
Abstract 220
Historical notes 221
Autoantigens 221
Autoantibody 222
Clinical utility 223
Take-home messages 225
References 225
Chapter 25 Nuclear Envelope Protein Autoantibodies/Antilamin Autoantibodies 226
Summary 226
Historical notes 227
Autoantigens 227
Autoantibody 229
Take-home messages 230
References 230
Chapter 26 Anti-Nucleosome Autoantibodies 232
Abstract 232
Historical notes 233
Autoantigen 233
Autoantibody 234
Clinical utility 236
Take-home messages 238
References 238
Chapter 27 Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Autoantibodies 240
Historical notes 240
Autoantigens 241
Autoantibodies 242
Clinical utility 243
Conclusion 245
Acknowledgements 245
References 245
Chapter 28 Anti-RA33 Antibodies (Antibodies to the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2) 246
Abstract 246
Historical notes 247
Autoantigen 247
Autoantibody 248
Clinical utility 249
Take-home messages 250
References 250
Chapter 29 Anti-Ribosomal P Antibodies 252
Abstract 252
Autoantigen 252
Autoantibody 253
Assays for anti-rib-P Ab detection 254
Serological test performance 256
Clinical studies 256
Conclusion 257
Take-home messages 257
References 257
Chapter 30 SS-A (Ro) Autoantibodies 260
Historical notes 260
Autoantigen 260
Autoantibodies 262
Clinical utility 264
Conclusion 264
References 265
Chapter 31 Topoisomerase-I (Scl-70) Autoantibodies 266
Abstract 266
Historical notes 267
Autoantigen 267
Autoantibody 268
Clinical utility 271
Take-home messages 272
References 272
Chapter 32 SS-B (La) Autoantibodies 274
Abstract 274
Historical notes 274
Autoantigen 275
Autoantibody 277
Clinical utility 279
Take-home messages 280
References 281
Chapter 33 Anti-RNA Polymerase III Antibodies 282
Abstract 282
Historical notes 283
Autoantigen(s) 283
Autoantibody 285
Clinical utility 287
Take-home messages 289
References 289
Part V Autoantibodies to Biologic Factors/Structures 290
Chapter 34 GW Bodies, P Bodies and Components of the miRNA Pathway 292
Abstract 292
Historical notes 292
Autoantigen 293
Autoantibody 295
Clinical utility 295
Take-home messages 296
References 297
Chapter 35 Golgi Complex and Endosome Antibodies 298
Abstract 298
Autoantigen 298
Autoantibody 301
Clinical utility 303
Take-home messages 305
References 305
Chapter 36 p53 Autoantibodies 306
Abstract 306
Historical notes 306
Autoantigen 307
Autoantibody 309
Clinical utility 310
Take-home messages 311
References 311
Chapter 37 Human Antiganglioside Autoantibodies 312
Abstract 312
Historical notes 313
Autoantigens 313
Autoantibody 314
Clinical utility 316
Take-home messages 318
Acknowledgement 318
References 318
Chapter 38 Human Anti-alpha-Galactosyl Antibodies 320
Abstract 320
Historical notes 321
Autoantigen 321
Autoantibody 322
Clinical utility 323
Take-home messages 325
References 325
Chapter 39 Autoantibodies in Therapeutic Preparations of Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) 328
Abstract 328
Historical notes 329
Autoantigens 329
Autoantibodies 329
Clinical utility 331
Take-home messages 332
References 332
Chapter 40 Cytokine Antibodies 334
Abstract 334
Historical notes 335
The autoantigens 336
The autoantibodies 338
Clinical utility 340
Take-home messages 342
Acknowledgement 342
References 342
Chapter 41 Cytoskeletal Autoantibodies/Anti-Actin Antibodies 344
Abstract 344
Historical notes 344
The autoantigen 345
Autoantibody 346
Clinical utility 350
Take-home messages 350
References 351
Chapter 42 Fibrillarin Autoantibodies 352
Abstract 352
Historical notes 352
Autoantigen 353
Autoantibody 354
Clinical utility 356
Take-home messages 358
Acknowledgements 358
References 358
Chapter 43 Fibronectin Autoantibodies 360
Abstract 360
Historical notes 360
Autoantigen 361
Autoantibody 362
Clinical utility 363
Take-home messages 364
References 364
Chapter 44 Interferon-Inducible Protein IFI16 Autoantibodies 366
Abstract 366
Historical notes 366
Autoantigen 367
Autoantibodies 369
Clinical utility 370
Take-home messages 371
References 371
Part VI Cardiac Autoantibodies 374
Chapter 45 Autoantibodies in Atherosclerosis 376
Abstract 376
Introduction 377
Oxidized LDL and antibodies to oxidized LDL 377
Phosphorylcholine and anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies 379
Phospholipids and antiphospholipid antibodies 380
Take-home messages 381
References 381
Chapter 46 Heat Shock Protein Autoantibodies 384
Abstract 384
Historical notes and the autoimmune hypothesis of atherogenesis 384
Autoantigen 385
Take-home messages 388
References 388
Chapter 47 Myocardial Autoantibodies and their Clinical Significance 390
Abstract 390
Historical and general perspective 391
Infectious agents implicated in human DCM 393
Autoantigens identified in sera of IDCM patients 395
Immunogobulin apheresis as a therapeutic option in DCM 397
Clinical relevance of cardiac specific autoantibodies in human DCM 397
Take-home messages 399
References 399
Part VII Endocrine Autoantibodies 402
Chapter 48 Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies 404
Abstract 404
Historical notes 405
Autoantigen 405
Autoantibody 407
Clinical utility 409
Take-home messages 413
References 413
Chapter 49 Humoral Immunity in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 414
Abstract 414
Historical notes 415
Autoantigen 415
Autoantibody 418
Clinical utility 421
Take-home messages 422
References 422
Chapter 50 Antibodies to Adrenal, Gonadal Tissues and Steroidogenic Enzymes 424
Abstract 424
Historical notes 425
Adrenal and gonadal autoantigens 425
Autoantibodies to adrenal cortex and to 21-OH 428
Autoantibodies to gonadal tissue and steroidogenic enzymes (17alpha-OHAbs and P450sccAbs) 432
Take-home messages 434
Acknowledgements 435
References 435
Chapter 51 Thyroglobulin, Thyroperoxidase, and Thyrotropin-Receptor Autoantibodies 438
Historical notes 438
Thyroglobulin antibodies 439
Thyroperoxidase antibodies 442
Clinical utility 443
Thyrotropin-receptor antibodies 445
Take-home messages 448
References 448
Part VIII GI and Liver Autoantibodies 450
Chapter 52 Anti-Intestinal Goblet Cell Antibodies 452
Summary 452
Historical notes 452
Autoantigen 454
Autoantibody 454
Clinical utility 455
Take-home messages 457
References 457
Chapter 53 Tumor-Associated Autoantibodies 458
Summary 458
Historical notes 459
Autoantigenic targets of tumor-associated AAB 459
Relevance of tumor-associated AAB 466
Tumor-associated AAB – Biomarkers for the prediction and early diagnosis of cancer? 467
Take-home messages 469
References 469
Chapter 54 Cryoglobulins and Cryoglobulins Secondary to Hepatitis C Virus Infection 472
Abstract 472
Historical notes 472
Cryoprecipitation 473
Autoantigen 473
Autoantibody 474
Methods of detection 475
Prevalence/prognosis 475
Treatment 475
Take-home messages 476
References 476
Chapter 55 Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase and Anti-Endomyisial Antibodies 478
Abstract 478
Historical notes 479
Autoantigen 479
Autoantibody 480
Clinical utility 482
Take-home messages 485
References 485
Chapter 56 Anti-Gliadin Antibodies 486
Abstract 486
Historical notes 486
The antigen 487
The antibody 488
Clinical utility 489
Take-home messages 491
References 491
Chapter 57 Reticulin Autoantibodies 492
Abstract 492
Historical notes 492
Autoantigen 493
Autoantibody 494
Clinical utility 496
Take-home messages 496
References 497
Chapter 58 Liver Cytosol Antigen Type 1 Autoantibodies, Liver Kidney Microsomal Autoantibodies, and Liver Microsomal Autoantibodies 498
Abstract 498
Liver kidney microsomal autoantibodies and liver microsomal autoantibodies 499
Autoantigen and autoantibody definitions of LKM/LM autoantibodies 499
Hepatitis D-associated microsomal autoantibodies 503
Microsomal autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis associated with the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 503
Microsomal autoantibodies and drug reactions 504
Microsomal autoantibodies of unknown relevance 504
General role of anti-microsomal autoantibodies 504
Liver cytosolic autoantibodies 505
Autoantibody definition and autoantigen 505
Clinical utility 505
Take-home messages 505
References 506
Chapter 59 Antimitochondrial Antibodies 508
Summary 508
Historical notes 508
Autoantigens 509
Autoantibody 509
Clinical utility 510
Take-home messages 511
References 511
Chapter 60 Parietal Cell and Intrinsic Factor Autoantibodies 514
Summary 514
Historical notes 515
Gastric parietal cell autoantigen 515
Gastric parietal cell autoantibody 516
Intrinsic factor autoantigen 516
Intrinsic factor autoantibody 517
Clinical utility 517
Parietal cell antibody 517
Intrinsic factor antibody 518
Take-home messages 520
References 521
Chapter 61 Smooth Muscle Antibodies 522
Abstract 522
Historical notes 522
Autoantigen 523
Autoantibody 523
Clinical utility 524
References 525
Part IX Hematologic Autoantibodies 528
Chapter 62 Coagulation Factor Autoantibodies 530
Abstract 530
Coagulation pathways 530
Historical notes: Autoantibodies to coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) 531
Autoantigen 531
Autoantibody 533
Clinical utility 535
Autoantibodies to other coagulation factors 537
Autoantibodies to von Willebrand factor autoantigen 537
Take-home messages 545
References 545
Chapter 63 Autoantibodies in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia 546
Abstract 546
Historical notes 547
Autoantigen: The heparin–platelet factor 4 complex 547
Autoantibody 549
Clinical utility 551
Take-home messages 553
References 553
Chapter 64 Platelet Autoantibodies 556
Abstract 556
Historical notes 557
Platelet autoantigens 557
ITP 557
Platelet autoantibodies 559
Clinical utility 560
Take-home messages 561
References 561
Chapter 65 Red Cell Autoantibodies 564
Abstract 564
Introduction 565
Autoantigen 565
Clinical utility 568
Take-home messages 569
Acknowledgment 570
References 570
Chapter 66 Lymphocytotoxic Autoantibodies 572
Abstract 572
Historical notes 573
The autoantigen 573
The autoantibodies 575
Clinical utility 577
Clinical parameters 577
Take-home messages 578
References 578
Part X Kidney Autoantibodies 580
Chapter 67 Anti-ATP Synthase Beta-Chain Autoantibodies 582
Abstract 582
Historical notes 582
Autoantigen 583
Autoantibody 583
Clinical utility 585
Take-home messages 587
References 587
Chapter 68 Glomerular Basement Membrane Autoantibodies 588
Abstract 588
Historical notes 588
Autoantigen 589
Autoantibody 590
Clinical utility 592
Take-home messages 593
References 594
Chapter 69 Nephritic Factor Autoantibodies 596
Historical notes 596
The autoantigen 597
Autoantibodies 597
Clinical utility 599
Take-home messages 600
References 600
Part XI Neurological System Autoantibodies 602
Chapter 70 Acetylcholine Receptor and Muscle Specific Kinase Autoantibodies 604
Abstract 604
Historical notes 604
The autoantigen 605
The autoantibody 606
Clinical utility 608
Muscle specific kinase 610
Conclusion 610
References 611
Chapter 71 Myositis Autoantibodies: Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase, Signal Recognition Particle, Mi-2, and PM-Scl Autoantibodies 612
Abstract 612
Historical notes 613
Autoantigen 616
Autoantibodies 619
Clinical utility 621
Take-home messages 623
References 623
Chapter 72 Anti-MOG Antibodies 626
Abstract 626
Historical notes 627
Autoantigen 627
Autoantibody 629
Clinical utility 632
Prognostic value 632
Take-home messages 633
References 633
Chapter 73 Antibodies to Hsp 70 in Inner Ear Disease 634
Abstract 634
Historical notes 634
Autoantigen 635
Autoantibody 636
Clinical utility 637
Take-home messages 639
References 639
Chapter 74 Autoantibodies in the Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) 640
Abstract 640
Historical notes 641
The Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome 641
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 641
Autoantigen: Voltage-gated calcium channels 642
Autoantibody 642
Clinical utility 643
Take-home messages 645
References 645
Chapter 75 Ganglioside Autoantibodies 646
Abstract 646
Historical notes 646
The autoantigen(s) 647
Autoantibodies 648
Clinical utility 651
Take-home messages 652
References 653
Chapter 76 Myelin Associated Antibodies: Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Autoantibodies, Myelin Basic Protein Autoantibodies and Myelin... 654
Abstract 654
Myelin-associated glycoprotein 655
Myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein 656
Conclusions 659
References 660
Chapter 77 Paraneoplastic Neurological Antibodies: Nuclear 662
Abstract 662
Historical notes 663
Autoantigens 663
Autoantibodies 664
Clinical utility 668
Take-home messages 669
References 670
Chapter 78 Paraneoplastic Neurological Antibodies: Purkinje Cell Cytoplasm 672
Abstract 672
Historical notes 673
Autoantigens 673
Autoantibodies 674
Clinical utility 676
Take-home messages 677
References 677
Chapter 79 Paraneoplastic Neurological Antibodies: Additional Reactivities 680
Abstract 680
Historical notes 681
Autoantigens 681
Autoantibodies 682
Clinical utility 685
Take-home messages 687
References 687
Chapter 80 Retinal Autoantibodies 688
Abstract 688
Historical notes 689
Autoantigen 689
Autoantibody 690
Clinical utility 692
Take-home messages 692
References 693
Chapter 81 Autoantibodies in Epilepsy 694
Abstract 694
Historical background 694
Voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies 695
Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies 696
Other autoantibodies in epilepsy 698
Conclusions 699
Take-home messages 699
References 699
Part XII Rheumatic Disease Autoantibodies 702
Chapter 82 Anti-Fodrin Antibodies 704
Abstract 704
Autoantigen 704
Autoantibody 705
Clinical utility 706
Take-home messages 709
References 709
Chapter 83 Antibodies to Laminin 710
Abstract 710
Historical notes 710
Autoantigen 711
Autoantibody 712
Clinical utility 713
Take-home messages 714
References 715
Chapter 84 Autoantibodies Against Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome 716
Abstract 716
Historical notes 717
Autoantigen 717
Autoantibody 717
Clinical utility 718
Take-home messages 719
References 719
Chapter 85 Beta2-Glycoprotein I Autoantibodies 722
Abstract 722
Historical notes 723
The Autoantigen 723
The autoantibodies 724
Clinical utility 726
Take-home messages 727
References 727
Chapter 86 C1 Inhibitor Autoantibodies 730
Abstract 730
Historical notes 730
The Autoantigen 731
The autoantibody 732
Clinical utility 733
Take-home messages 735
References 735
Chapter 87 Autoantibodies to C1q 738
Abstract 738
Historical notes 738
Autoantigen 739
Autoantibody 741
Clinical utility 742
Conclusions 745
Take-home messages 745
References 746
Chapter 88 Anti-Collagen Antibodies 748
Abstract 748
Historical notes 748
Collagen as an autoantigen 749
Autoantibody 751
Clinical utility 752
Take-home messages 753
References 753
Chapter 89 Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody 756
Historical perspective 756
Antibody/antigen 756
Summary 758
References 758
Chapter 90 Anti-Endothelial Cell Autoantibodies 760
Abstract 760
Historical notes 761
Autoantigens 761
Autoantibodies 763
Clinical utility 765
Take-home messages 766
References 766
Chapter 91 Lupus Anticoagulant Testing 768
Abstract 768
Historical notes 769
Autoantigen 769
Autoantibody 770
Clinical utility 771
Take-home messages 773
References 773
Chapter 92 Anticardiolipin Antibodies 776
Abstract 776
Historical notes 776
Autoantigens 777
Autoantibodies 777
Clinical utility 779
Take-home messages 780
References 780
Chapter 93 Phospholipid Autoantibodies (Non-Anticardiolipin)–Anti-Prothrombin Antibodies 782
Abstract 782
Historical notes 782
Detection methods and immunological properties 783
Epitope mapping 784
Mechanisms of action 784
Pathophysiology of thrombosis and miscarriage 785
Clinical relevance 785
Treatment 786
Take-home messages 787
References 787
Chapter 94 Rheumatoid Factors 790
Abstract 790
Historical notes 790
Autoantigen 791
Autoantibodies 792
Clinical utility 795
Take-home messages 797
References 797
Part XIII Skin Disease Autoantibodies 798
Chapter 95 Autoantibodies to Mucocutaneous Antigens 800
Abstract 800
Historical notes 801
Type II Mucocutaneous autoimmunity: Epidermal antigens 803
Type II Mucocutaneous autoimmunity: Dermal antigens 809
Conclusion 812
Take-home messages 812
Acknowledgment 813
References 813
Part XIV Unique Clinical Situations 816
Chapter 96 Autoimmunity and the Newer Biopharmaceuticals 818
Abstract 818
Introduction 819
Toxicity profile and autoimmunity 820
Antinuclear, anti-dsDNA and anti-phospholipid antibodies 821
Possible mechanisms involved in the production of neutralising and non-neutralising autoantibodies during anti-TNF-alpha treatment 823
Conclusions 825
References 825
Chapter 97 Autoantibodies Against Tumor Suppressor Proteins 828
Abstract 828
Historical notes 829
Retinoblastoma (RB) gene 829
p16 gene 830
p73 gene 831
Conclusion 832
References 833
Chapter 98 Detection of Autoantibodies Using Protein Arrays 834
Abstract 834
Introduction 834
Early history 835
Preparation and optimal utilization of protein arrays 836
Application of protein arrays to autoimmunity 837
Protein arrays and proteomics 839
Conclusion 840
References 840
Chapter 99 Autoantibodies and Pregnancy Loss 844
Abstract 844
Historical notes 844
Autoantigens 845
Autoantibodies 845
Clinical utility 847
References 848
Part XV Future Directions 850
Chapter 100 Anti-Glycan Antibodies 852
Abstract 852
Glycan antigens 853
Anti-glycan antibodies in normal population 853
Anti-glycan antibodies in multiple sclerosis 854
Anti-glycan antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease 855
Take-home messages 856
References 857
Chapter 101 Future Trends 858
Abstract 858
The past 858
The Present 859
The Future 859
Take-home messages 860
References 860
Index 862
Color Plates 874
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 13.10.2011 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete | |
| Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie | |
| Technik | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-08-046723-7 / 0080467237 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-046723-8 / 9780080467238 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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