Vitamins and Hormones (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 8
Preface 12
Chapter 1. Embryonic Stem Cells Provide a Powerful and Versatile Model System 14
I. Introduction 15
II. Characteristics of ES Cells and Their Close Relatives, EC Cells and EG Cells 16
III. Isolation and Cultivation of ES Cells and EG Cells 19
IV. In Vitro Differentiation of ES Cells 24
V. ES and EC Cells: Powerful Model Systems for Studying Gene Expression 33
VI. Future Perspectives 41
References 46
Chapter 2. Molecules in Blastocyst Implantation: Uterine and Embryonic Perspectives 56
I. Introduction 57
II. Embryo–Uterine Interactions 59
III. Uterine Factors in Implantation 64
IV. Embryonic Factors in Implantation 73
V. Uterine Markers in Humans 78
VI. Conclusion 79
References 81
Chapter 3. Microarray Analysis of B-Cell Stimulation 90
I. Introduction 91
II. Materials and Methods 92
III. Results and Discussion 94
IV. Conclusions 107
References 107
Chapter 4. Tissue Culture Models for Studies of Hormone and Vitamin Action in Bone Cells 114
I. Introduction 115
II. The Skeleton 116
III. Bone Remodeling 116
IV. Hormonal Regulation of Bone Remodeling 118
V. Osteoclast Biology 122
VI. Tissue Culture Models for the Study of Osteoclasts 123
VII. Osteoblast Biology 130
VIII. Tissue Culture Models for the Study of Osteoblasts 132
IX. Closing Remarks 153
References 153
Chapter 5. Transport of Leukotriene C4 and Structurally Related Conjugates 166
I. Introduction 167
II. ATP-Dependent Biosynthetic Release of Leukotriene C4 168
III. Hepatobiliary Elimination of Cysteinyl Leukotrienes 183
IV. Conclusions 187
References 188
Chapter 6. Interleukin-1ß Exerts a Myriad of Effects in the Brain and in Particular in the Hippocampus: Analysis of Some of These Actions 198
I. Introduction 199
II. The IL-1 Superfamily and Associated Receptors 199
III. IL-1 and the CNS 202
IV. Effect of IL-1ß in the Hippocampus 208
V. What Mediators Are Utilized by IL-1ß? 221
VI. Conclusions 221
References 222
Chapter 7. Leptin and Sweet Taste 234
I. Introduction 235
II. Genetic Approaches to Taste Receptor Mechanisms 237
III. Sweet Taste Responses in db/db Mice 239
IV. Leptin as a Modulator of Sweet Taste Responses 241
V. Intracellular Mechanisms for Leptin Modulation of Sweet Taste Responses 245
VI. Leptin Effects on Regulation of Food Intake through Modulation of Sweet Sensitivities 249
VII. Conclusion 254
References 255
Chapter 8. Molecular, Structural, and Cellular Biology of Follitropin and Follitropin Receptor 262
I. Background and Nomenclature 263
II. Molecular Genetics of Human Follitropin 264
III. Regulation of Follitropin Protein Levels 266
IV. General Features of Follitropin Deduced from cDNA 270
V. Structural Biology of Follitropin 276
VI. Molecular Genetics of Follitropin Receptor 281
VII. General Features of Follitropin Receptor Deduced from cDNA 290
VIII. Follitropin Receptor Structure and Function Correlates 297
IX. Follitropin Receptor Signal Transduction 304
X. Summary and Conclusions 314
References 315
Chapter 9. Factor VIIa/Tissue Factor-Induced Signaling: A Link between Clotting and Disease 336
I. Coagulation System 337
II. Nonhemostatic Functions of Tissue Factor and Factor VIIa 338
III. Potential Mechanisms by Which VIIa/Tissue Factor Regulates Biological Functions 344
IV. Physiological Significance of VIIa/Tissue Factor-Induced Signaling 359
V. Summary 363
References 363
Chapter 10. Antiproliferative Action of Vitamin D 370
I. Introduction 371
II. The General Mechanism of Vitamin D Action 372
III. Antiproliferative Effects of Vitamin D on Cell Growth 379
IV. The Role of Vitamin D Crosstalk in Growth Factor and Hormone Signaling 389
V. Vitamin D and Cancer 395
VI. Conclusions and Future Perspectives 400
References 401
Index 420