Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing 4
Copyright Page 5
CONTENTS 8
PREFACE 12
NOTATIONS 14
Chapter One. Fracturing of a Wellbore and 2-D Fracture Models 18
Introduction 18
Fracturing of a Wellbore 19
Constant Height Fracture Models 23
Circular Fractures 31
Energy Consideration 35
Poroelasticity and Filtercake 37
References 44
Chapter Two. Three-Dimensional Fracture Modeling 47
Fluid Motion Inside the Fracture 48
Fracture Opening Equation 53
Propagation of a Hydraulic Fracture 56
Mesh Generation 61
Results and Discussion 70
References 76
Chapter Three. Proppant Transport in a 3-D Fracture 78
Introduction 78
The Governing Equations 79
Proppant Transport 84
Finite Element Formulation 86
Analysis of Shut-in 89
Results and Discussion 90
Pseudo 3-D Models 98
References 99
Chapter Four. Deviated Wellbores 101
Introduction 101
Stress Distribution and Initiation of a Hydraulic Fracture 102
Cased Hole and Perforation Strategy 115
References 127
Chapter Five. Link up of Mini-fractures From Perforated Holes 129
Introduction 129
Formulation of the Problem 130
Solution Method 133
Fracture Growth and Link up 136
Results and Discussion 137
References 143
Chapter Six. Turning of Fracture From a Deviated Wellbore 145
Introduction 145
Non-symmetric Growth of 2-D Fracture From a Horizontal Wellbore 147
The Turning of a Hydraulic Fracture 154
Results and Discussion 159
References 165
Chapter Seven. Experimental Studies 167
Introduction 167
Experiments Carried Out in Laboratory 168
Experiments Carried Out in the Field 179
References 188
INDEX 194
AUTHOR INDEX 196