Network Science, Nonlinear Science and Infrastructure Systems (eBook)

Contents 6
Preface 8
A Revolution in Infrastructure Network Research and Engineering? 9
The Emergence of Network Science 9
Engineering Relevance 10
The Workshop 10
Findings of the Workshop 11
The Future 13
References 13
Networks and Dynamics: The Structure of the World We Live In 14
1. Introduction 14
2. Network Science 15
3. Nonlinear Dynamics 35
4. Linearizing the Nonlinear 50
5. Strange Attractors 51
6. Trajectories 52
7. Bifurcations 53
8. Poincare-Bendixson Theorem 56
9. Logistic Map 56
10. Routes To Chaos 57
11. Concluding Remarks 58
References 58
Modeling Large Scale and Complex Infrastructure Systems as Computable Games 60
1. Introduction 60
2. Infrastructure Services as Generalized Transportation 61
3. Origin of Regional and National Infrastructure Systems of Systems 62
4. Defining A System of Systems 63
5. Foundation Disciplines for a Science of Infrastructure 64
6. Cybernetworks and Cyberinfrastructure 66
7. Computable Games and Multi-Layer Infrastructure Networks 66
References 81
Dynamic Competition on Networks: Differential Variational Inequalities, Limited Warfare and Internet Vulnerability 83
1. Introduction 83
2. Scope of this Paper 85
3. Variational Inequalities Defined 88
4. The DVI Concept 89
5. DVI Extensions of Classical Noncooperative Mathematical Games 90
6. Disequilibrium Modeling 95
7. Candidate Case Studies in Network Science 98
8. Concluding Remarks 102
References 103
Characterization and Monitoring of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Manufacturing Enterprise Systems 105
1. Introduction 105
2. A Primer to Relevant Aspects of Nonlinear Dynamics 106
3. Process-Level Characterization, Monitoring and Control of a Manufacturing System 107
4. Manufacturing Systems Characterization and Monitoring 116
5. Summary 124
References 125
Evolutionary Traffic Flow Landscapes: A Fitness Approach for ITS Management 129
1. Introduction 129
2. Motivation 132
3. Background 133
4. Analytical Model of Traffic Flow Landscape 135
5. Exploring the Traffic Flow Landscape 140
6. Organization and Traffic Flows 144
7. Conclusion and Future Directions 147
References 148
Appendix A 150
Appendix B Kauffman's NK Model 151
Network Connectivity Models: An Overview and Empirical Applications 153
1. Introduction 154
2. Random, Small World and Scale Free Networks: a Concise Overview 154
3. Scale Free and Small World Networks: Methodological Reflections 159
4. Empirical Applications to Spatial Economic Networks 160
5. Concluding Remarks 165
References 166
ANNEX A 168
ANNEX B 170
An Application of Complex Network Theory to German Commuting Patterns 172
1. Introduction 173
2. Complex Network Theory: A Brief Review 174
3. Spatial Interaction Models: An Approximation Tool for Preferential Attachment 177
4. The Empirical Analysis 180
5. Conclusions 187
References 188
Assessing Critical Components in Transportation Systems: Economic Models and Complex Network Science Approaches 191
1. Introduction 191
2. Assessing Criticality in Transportation Networks 193
3. Approximation Techniques for Assessing Criticality in Transportation Networks 197
4. Conclusions 202
References 203
A Simulation-Based Dynamic Intermodal Network Equilibrium Algorithm 205
1. Introduction 205
2. Background 207
3. Model Formulation of Intermodal Trip Equilibrium 209
4. Inner Approximation Solution Algorithm 211
5. Heuristic Implementation 214
6. Computational Results 218
7. Conclusions 224
References 225
Modeling the Transient Nature of Dynamic Pricing with Demand Learning in a Competitive Environment 227
1. Introduction 227
2. Presentation of The Dynamic Pricing Problem 232
3. The Transient Dynamic Pricing Problem 237
4. The Dynamic Pricing Problem as an MPEC 243
5. Computational Results 247
6. Application: 2-Firm 2-Period Dynamic Pricing Problem 255
7. Conclusion 264
Appendix A. Proofs of the Propositions of Section 6 265
References 269
An Evolutionary Variational Inequality Formulation of Supply Chain Networks with Time- Varying Demands 272
1. Introduction 272
2. The Supply Chain Network Model with Fixed Demands 274
3. The Transportation Network Equilibrium Model with Fixed Demands 283
4. Transportation Network Equilibrium Reformulation of Supply Chain Network Equilibrium with Fixed Demands 285
5. Dynamic Supply Chain Networks with Time-Varying Demands 290
6. Dynamic Numerical Supply Chain Network Examples with Computations 293
References 305
Some Amazing Properties of Road Traffic Network Equilibria 308
1. Introduction 309
2. Traffic Network Equilibrium Model 310
3. Solution Properties of Static Models for the Chicago Regional Network 312
4. Solution Properties of Traffic Equilibrium Models 313
5. Patterns of Routes for OD Pairs with the Maximum Number of Routes 325
6. Conclusions from the Analysis 328
7. Implications for Other Types of Networks 328
Conclusions for Network Modeling 333
References 335
Appendix - Model Description 336
Index 339