Integration in Respiratory Control (eBook)

Preface 6
Conference Proceedings 8
The Xth Oxford Conference: International Organizing Committee 9
The Xth Oxford Conference: Local Organizing Committee 11
The Xth Oxford Conference: Young Investigator Awards Selection Committee 13
Acknowledgements 14
Past Oxford Conferences 17
Contents 19
Erratum 29
Historical and Future Perspectives of the Control of Breathing 30
History of Measuring O2 and CO2 Responses 31
J.S. Haldane and Some of His Contributions to Physiology 37
Control of the Exercise Hyperpnea: The Unanswered Question 44
Oxygen Sensing and the Carotid Body 50
A Peripheral Oxygen Sensor Provides Direct Activation of an Identified Respiratory CPG Neuron in Lymnaea 51
Environmental Hyperoxia and Development of Carotid Chemoafferent Function 56
HSP70 Reduces Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Neural Suppression via Regulating Expression of Syntaxin 61
Effect of Systemic Administration of the Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor L- NMMA on the Human Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia 67
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Carotid Body Response to Hypoxia in Animals 72
Mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau Gene Alters Human Cardiopulmonary Physiology 77
Intravenous Endothelin-1 and Ventilatory Sensitivity to Hypoxia in Humans 83
Key Roles for AMP-activated Protein Kinase in the Function of the Carotid Body? 89
Stimulatory Actions of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase- Activating Polypeptide ( PACAP) in Rat Carotid Glomus Cells 95
Post-hypoxic Unstable Breathing in the C57BL/ 6J Mouse: Effects of Acetazolamide 101
Respiratory Rhythm Generation 106
Catecholaminergic Modulation of the Respiratory Rhythm Generator in the Isolated Brainstem– Spinal Cord Preparation from Neonatal Rat 107
What Role Do Pacemakers Play in the Generation of Respiratory Rhythm? 112
Pre-Bötzinger Complex Neurokinin-1 Receptor Expressing Neurons in Primary Cell Culture 118
Belt-and-Suspenders as a Biological Design Principle 123
Two Modes of Respiratory Rhythm Generation in the Newborn Rat Brainstem- Spinal Cord Preparation 128
Possible Roles of the Weakly Inward Rectifying K+ Channel Kir4.1 ( KCNJ10) in the Pre- Bötzinger Complex 133
Contribution of Pacemaker Neurons to Respiratory Rhythms Generation in vitro 138
Emergent Bursting in Small Networks of Model Conditional Pacemakers in the pre- Bötzinger Complex 143
Genes and Development 149
Brain Nuclei Controlling the Spinal Respiratory Motoneurons in the Newborn Mouse 150
Superoxide Dismutase-1 Influences the Timing and Post- hypoxic Stability of Neonatal Breathing 156
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities in the Brainstem of Prenatal Mice Lacking the Prader- Willi Syndrome Gene Necdin 162
Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Diazepam on the Respiratory Parameters, Respiratory Network Activity and Gene Expression of a1 and a2 Subunits of GABAA Receptor in Newborn Rat 167
Modulation of Perinatal Respiratory Rhythm by GABAA- and Glycine Receptor-mediated Chloride Conductances 172
Laryngeal Stimulation by an Acid Solution in the Pre- term Lamb 177
Necdin Gene, Respiratory Disturbances and Prader- Willi Syndrome 182
Models of Gas Exchange 188
Quantitative Analysis of the Oxygen Transfer in the Human Acinus 189
Role of Diffusion Screening in Pulmonary Diseases 195
A dp/dt Method to Assess Dynamic Properties of Lung Mechanoreceptors 201
Pulmonary Gas Exchange in Anatomically- Based Models of the Lung 206
Multi-scale Models of the Lung Airways and Vascular System 212
Modeling Structure-Function Interdependence of Pulmonary Gas Exchange 217
Plasticity and Adaptation 223
Ventilatory Control during Intermittent High- Intensity Exercise in Humans 224
Exercise-induced Respiratory Muscle Work: Effects on Blood Flow, Fatigue and Performance 230
Phase Relations Between Rhythmical Movements and Breathing in Wind Instrument Players 234
The Effect of Two Different Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Ventilatory Responses to Hypoxia and Carbon Dioxide at Rest 239
Respiratory Long-Term Facilitation: Too Much or Too Little of a Good Thing? 245
Contribution of Endothelin-1 and Endothelin A and B Receptors to the Enhanced Carotid Body Chemosensory Responses Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia 249
Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Respiratory Long- Term Facilitation in Postnatal Rats 254
Respiratory Control, Respiratory Sensations and Cycling Endurance After Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training 260
Non-dimensional Quantification of the Interactions Between Hypoxia, Hypercapnia and Exercise on Ventilation in Humans 266
Elevated Body Temperature Exaggerates Laryngeal Chemoreflex Apnea in Decerebrate Piglets 270
Neuromodulation 276
Effects of Systemic Administration of Mirtazapine on Respiratory Muscle Activity in Sleeping Rats 277
Control of Genioglossus Muscle by Sleep State- Dependent Neuromodulators 282
Significance of Multiple Neurochemicals that Regulate Respiration 288
Disinhibition of the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Increases the Frequency of Augmented Breaths in the Anesthetized Rat 294
Major Components of Endogenous Neurotransmission Underlying the Discharge Activity of Hypoglossal Motoneurons in vivo 299
Comparative Aspects 305
Control of Ventilation in Diving Birds 306
Evolutionary Trends in Respiratory Mechanisms 312
Central Chemosensitivity 318
A Computer Model of Mammalian Central CO2 Chemoreception 319
A Mathematical Model of pHi Regulation in Central CO2- Chemoreception 324
Plasticity in the Brain: Influence of Bilateral Carotid Body Resection (bCBR) on Central CO2 Sensitivity 330
Glial Modulation of CO2 Chemosensory Excitability in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus of Rodents 335
The Carotid Chemoreceptors are a Major Determinant of Ventilatory CO2 Sensitivity and of PaCO2 During Eupneic Breathing 340
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception 345
The Chemosensitive Response of Neurons from the Locus Coeruleus ( LC) to Hypercapnic Acidosis with Clamped Intracellular pH 351
CO2-sensitivity of GABAergic Neurons in the Ventral Medullary Surface of GAD67-GFP Knock-in Neonatal Mice 356
Multiple Central Chemoreceptor Sites: Cell Types and Function in vivo 361
Intrinsic Chemosensitivity of Individual Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ( NTS) and Locus Coeruleus ( LC) Neurons from Neonatal Rats 366
Chemosensitive Neuronal Network Organization in the Ventral Medulla Analyzed by Dynamic Voltage- Imaging 371
Brainstem Mechanisms Underlying Cardio- Respiratory Control 376
The Effects of a Respiratory Acidosis on Human Heart Rate Variability 377
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Activation in the Bötzinger Complex Evokes Bradypnea and is Involved in Mediating the Hering- Breuer Reflex 382
Brainstem Catecholaminergic Neurons Modulate both Respiratory and Cardiovascular Function 387
Responses of Brainstem Respiratory Neurons to Activation of Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray in the Rat 393
Computational Model of TASK Channels and PKC- Pathway Dependent Serotonergic Modulatory Effects in Respiratory- Related Neurons 398
Modulation of Hering-Breuer Reflex by Ventrolateral Pons 403
Respiratory Network Complexity in Neonatal Rat in vivo and in vitro 409
Multifunctional and Reconfiguring Networks 415
Fast Oscillatory Rhythms in Inspiratory Motor Discharge: A Mathematical Model 416
Burst-to-Burst Variability in Respiratory Timing, Inspiratory- Phase Spectral Activity, and Inspiratory Neural Network Complexity in Urethane- Anesthetized C57BL/ 6 Mice in vivo 422
Effects of Hypercapnia on Non-nutritive Swallowing in Newborn Lambs 428
CPAP Inhibits Non-nutritive Swallowing Through Stimulation of Bronchopulmonary Receptors 433
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission is Not Essential for, but Plays a Modulatory Role in, the Production of Gasping in Arterially- Perfused Adult Rat 438
Clinical Perspectives: Modeling and Control of Breathing ( i. e., Sleep Apnea) 443
Potential Mechanism for Transition Between Acute Hypercapnia During Sleep to Chronic Hypercapnia During Wakefulness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea 444
Biochemical Control of Airway Motor Neurons During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep 450
Prediction of Periodic Breathing at Altitude 455
A Negative Interaction Between Central and Peripheral Respiratory Chemoreceptors May Underlie Sleep- Induced Respiratory Instability: A Novel Hypothesis 460
Ventilatory Response to Hypercapnia in Pre- menopausal and Post- menopausal Women 465
Oxidative Stress Impairs Upper Airway Muscle Endurance in an Animal Model of Sleep- Disordered Breathing 471
Ventilatory and Blood Pressure Responses to Isocapnic Hypoxia in OSA Patients 476
Modeling of Sleep-Induced Changes in Airway Function: Implication for Nocturnal Worsening of Bronchial Asthma 482
The Effects of Wakefulness State on the Temporal Characteristics of Ventilatory Variables in Man 488
Cerebral Blood Flow and Ventilatory Sensitivity to CO2 Measured with the Modified Rebreathing Method 493
Naloxone Reversal of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression with Special Emphasis on the Partial Agonist/ Antagonist Buprenorphine 499
The Pulse Oxygen Saturation: Inspired Oxygen Pressure (SpO2:PIO2) Diagram: Application in the Ambulatory Assessment of Pulmonary Vascular Disease 505
Hypocapnia and Airway Resistance in Normal Humans 510
Disturbances of Breathing in Rett Syndrome: Results from Patients and Animal Models 516
NHE3 in the Human Brainstem: Implication for the Pathogenesis of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ( SIDS)? 521
The Ventilatory Response to Exercise Does Not Differ Between Obese Women With and Without Dyspnea on Exertion 527
Author Index 532
Subject Index 550