Food-Borne Parasitic Zoonoses (eBook)
XII, 429 Seiten
Springer US (Verlag)
978-0-387-71358-8 (ISBN)
Humans suffer from numerous parasitic foodborne zoonoses, many of which are caused by helminths. The helminth zoonoses of concern in this book were once limited to diseases of animals, but have now become transmissible to humans. This book reviews not only the prevalence and distribution of these zoonoses, including available health and economic impact data, but highlights gaps in our knowledge that must be filled in order to assess the importance of a particular zoonosis.
Humans suffer from numerous parasitic foodborne zoonoses, many of which are caused by helminths. The helminth zoonoses of concern in this book are normally limited to diseases of animals which have now become transmissible to humans. In the past these diseases were limited to populations living in low- and middle-income countries, but the geographical limits and populations at risk are expanding and changing because of growing international markets , improved transportation systems, and demographic changes (such as population movements). The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of people currently infected with food borne trematodes alone exceeds 41 million, but worldwide the number of people at risk, including those in developed countries, is 750 million. The increasing recognition of the public health significance of these zoonoses, especially their complicated epidemiologies, and their links to poverty, intensification of agriculture, environmental degradation, and lack of tools for control- has been welcome. However, the development of priorities for a national public health system is often a competitive exercise, and the argument for devoting appropriate attention and resources to foodborne parasitic zoonoses is generally handicapped by the lack of good health and economic impact data. The genesis of this book was a desire to draw attention to the problem of these zoonoses and to hopefully, inspire greater efforts to acquire a reliable global impact assessment and therefore a basis for improved prevention and control actions for these zoonoses. This book reviews not only the prevalence and distribution of these zoonoses, including available health and economic impact data, but will highlight gaps in knowledge that must be filled in order to gain the assessment needed to depict the overall importance of a particular zoonosis. This is critical for comparisons to other pressing public health and development needs in resource allocations. The topics on epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical aspects emphasize the knowledge gaps that limit a full understanding of these zoonoses, and target where greater research investments on these parasitic diseases should be focused.
Contributors 10
Fish- and Invertebrate-Borne Parasites 14
Liver Flukes 15
Geographical Distribution 15
Biology and Genetic Variation 16
Life Cycle 17
Source of Human Infection 25
Fecundity 26
Prevalence of Infection 26
Incidence and Reinfection 27
Age- and Sex-Related Patterns of Infection 27
Frequency Distribution in Humans 30
Pathology and Pathogenesis Humans 30
Clinical Manifestation 35
Experimental Animals 36
Host Immune Response 37
Liver Fluke Infection and Cholangiocarcinoma 39
Inflammation-Related Cholangiocarcinogenesis 42
Diagnosis 46
Parasitological Diagnosis 46
Immunodiagnosis 48
Molecular Diagnosis 49
Treatment 50
Prevention and Control 50
Conclusion 51
References 52
Intestinal Flukes 65
Brachylaimidae Joyeux and Foley, 1930 Species Infecting Humans 65
Cathaemaciidae Fuhrmann, 1928 Species Infecting Humans 66
Echinostomatidae Poche, 1926 Species Infecting Humans 66
Pathogenicity and HostÒParasite Relationships of Echinostomes 75
Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Echinostomiases 75
Fasciolidae Railliet, 1895 76
Species Infecting Humans 77
Pathogenicity and HostÒParasite Relationships of Fasciolopsiasis 78
Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fasciolopsiasis 78
Gastrodiscidae Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 Species Infecting Humans 78
Gymnophallidae Morozov, 1955 Species Infecting Humans 79
Pathogenicity and HostÒParasite Relationships of Gymnophallids 79
Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gymnophalloidiasis 81
Heterophyidae Odhner, 1914 Species Infecting Humans 83
Pathogenicity and HostÒParasite Relationships of Heterophyid Flukes 96
Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Heterophyidiases 98
Lecithodendriidae Odhner, 1911 Species Infecting Humans 99
Microphallidae Travassos, 1920 Species Infecting Humans 101
Nanophyetidae Dollfus, 1939 Species Infecting Humans 101
Neodiplostomidae Shoop, 1989 Species Infecting Humans 102
Pathogenicity and HostÒParasite Relationships of Neodiplostomes 104
Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neodiplostomiases 105
Paramphistomatidae Fischoeder, 1901 Species Infecting Humans 105
Plagiorchiidae Ward, 1917 Species Infecting Humans 106
Strigeidae (Railliet, 1919) Species Infecting Humans 107
Summary 107
References 111
Paragonimiasis 128
Invasion Biology and Parasite Proteases 131
A Spectrum of Clinical Manifestations 133
Early Migration and Establishing Stages 133
Established Pulmonary Infection 134
Pleural Manifestations 134
Ectopic Infections: Cerebral Paragonimiasis 135
Other Ectopic Infections 135
Diagnosis and Diagnostic Confusions 136
Molecular Methods 139
Chemotherapy 140
Changing Epidemiology of Paragonimiasis Numbers of People Infected 141
Changing Demographic and Clinical Pictures 142
Role of Zoonotic Hosts 144
Control Through Education and Cultural Change 145
Environmental Change 147
Systematics and Evolution 148
Conclusion 152
References 152
Diphyllobothriasis: The Diphyllobothrium latum Human Infection Conundrum and Reconciliation with a Worldwide Zoonosis 162
Historical 162
Taxonomy 164
Biology 165
Geographic Distribution and Epidemiology 167
Human Cases of D. Latum in North America 168
South America 169
Eurasia 172
Japan 173
Korea 174
Subtropical and Tropical Asia 175
The New World North American D. Latum: Native or Introduced? North America: 176
Control 182
Symptoms 183
Gaps in Knowledge 184
References 186
Anisakid Nematodes and Anisakiasis 196
Anisakid Nematodes Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution 197
Biology 199
Anisakiasis Pathology 204
Diagnosis 206
Treatment 207
Epidemiology and Control 208
Research Needs Parasite Biology 211
Epidemiology of Anisakiasis 211
Hypersensitivity Reactions 212
Summary 212
References 213
Capillariasis 219
History 219
The Parasite 222
Life Cycle 225
Disease 229
Pathology 230
Diagnosis 232
Treatment 234
Epidemiology 235
Impact 239
Unresolved Problems 240
Control 241
Summary 242
References 242
Gnathostomiasis 245
Biology Taxonomy 245
Morphology 247
Life Cycle 249
Epidemiology 251
The Americas 251
Mexico 251
Canada 253
United States 253
Ecuador 253
Brazil 253
Argentina 254
Peru 254
Asia 254
Bangladesh 254
Cambodia 255
China 255
India 255
Indonesia 256
Japan 256
Korea 256
Laos 256
Malaysia 257
Myanmar 257
Philippines 257
Sri Lanka 257
Thailand 258
Vietnam 258
Other Localities Australia 259
Palestinian Territory 259
Rhodesia 259
Spain 259
Clinical Aspects 259
Diagnosis 261
Treatment and Prevention 262
Prevention 263
Impact 263
Research Needs 264
Parasite Biology 264
Diagnosis 264
Summary 264
References 265
Angiostrongyliasis 272
History 272
Parasite/ Biology 273
Geographic Distribution 277
Disease 279
Pathogenesis 279
Diagnosis 284
Treatment 286
Epidemiology 286
Impact and Issues 290
Unsolved Problems 291
Control 292
Summary 293
References 294
Plant-Borne Parasites 300
Plant-Borne Trematode Zoonoses: Fascioliasis and Fasciolopsiasis 301
Fascioliasis Etiology 301
Life Cycle and Transmission 306
Epidemiology 311
Clinics and Pathology 317
Diagnosis 318
Treatment 320
Prevention and Control 321
Fasciolopsiasis Etiology and Life Cycle 321
Geographical Distribution 323
Epidemiology 324
Clinics and Pathology 325
Diagnosis and Treatment 326
Prevention and Control 326
References 328
General Aspects of Infection 343
Immunology of the Infection 344
Overview of Immune Responses Against Parasitic Worms 345
Immune Effector Mechanisms 346
Adaptive T-Cell Responses 350
Antigen-Presenting Cell 351
Immunological Aspects of Diseases Parasites with Minimal Tissue Invasion 352
Parasites with Extensive Tissue Migration 355
Key Issues in the Field Parasite Proteases 363
Immune Evasion in Mammalian Hosts 366
Immune Evasion in Intermediate/Paratenic HostÛEncystment 367
Conclusions: Animals Within Animals 370
References 371
Molecular Epidemiology of Food- Borne Parasitic Zoonoses 389
What Is Molecular Epidemiology? 389
The Role of Molecular Epidemiology in Infectious Disease Control 390
The Applications of Molecular Epidemiology to the Control Food- and Waterborne Parasite Zoonoses 392
CharacterizationÛThe Tools 392
Evolutionary Relationships 393
Taxonomy 394
Diagnosis and Detection 395
Epidemiology and Transmission 396
Surveillance and Biosecurity 397
Fish-Borne Trematodes 399
Toxoplasma 404
Genetic Diversity 405
Studies in Brazil 408
Meat Studies 409
Significance of Toxoplasma Genotype in Human Disease Manifestations 409
Conclusion 412
References 412
Index 422
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 26.10.2007 |
|---|---|
| Reihe/Serie | World Class Parasites |
| Zusatzinfo | XII, 430 p. 102 illus., 8 illus. in color. |
| Verlagsort | New York |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Mikrobiologie / Infektologie / Reisemedizin | |
| Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie | |
| Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie | |
| Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie | |
| Technik ► Lebensmitteltechnologie | |
| Schlagworte | Assessment • Epidemiologie • Infection • Infectious Diseases • prevention • Prevention and Control • Public Health • Transport • World Health Organization |
| ISBN-10 | 0-387-71358-1 / 0387713581 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-387-71358-8 / 9780387713588 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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