Geolocation of RF Signals (eBook)
XIV, 330 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-1-4419-7952-0 (ISBN)
Geolocation of RF Signals-Principles and Simulations offers an overview of the best practices and innovative techniques in the art and science of geolocation over the last twenty years. It covers all research and development aspects including theoretical analysis, RF signals, geolocation techniques, key block diagrams, and practical principle simulation examples in the frequency band from 100 MHz to 18 GHz or even 60 GHz. Starting with RF signals, the book progressively examines various signal bands - such as VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, L, S, C, X, Ku, and, K and the corresponding geolocation requirements per band and per application - to achieve required performance objectives of up to 0º precision. Part II follows a step-by-step approach of RF geolocation techniques and concludes with notes on state-of-the-art geolocation designs as well as advanced features found in signal generator instruments.
Drawing upon years of practical experience and using numerous examples and illustrative applications, Ilir Progri provides a comprehensive introduction to Geolocation of RF Signals, and includes hands-on real world labs and applications using MATLAB in the areas of: RF signals specifications, RF geolocation distributed wireless communications networks and RF geolocation.
Geolocation of RF Signals-Principles and Simulations will be of interest to government agency program managers industry professionals and engineers, academic researchers, faculty and graduate students who are interested in or currently designing, developing and deploying innovative geolocation of RF Signal systems.
Geolocation of RF Signals-Principles and Simulations offers an overview of the best practices and innovative techniques in the art and science of geolocation over the last twenty years. It covers all research and development aspects including theoretical analysis, RF signals, geolocation techniques, key block diagrams, and practical principle simulation examples in the frequency band from 100 MHz to 18 GHz or even 60 GHz. Starting with RF signals, the book progressively examines various signal bands - such as VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, L, S, C, X, Ku, and, K and the corresponding geolocation requirements per band and per application - to achieve required performance objectives of up to 0 precision. Part II follows a step-by-step approach of RF geolocation techniques and concludes with notes on state-of-the-art geolocation designs as well as advanced features found in signal generator instruments.Drawing upon years of practical experience and using numerous examples and illustrative applications, Ilir Progri provides a comprehensive introduction to Geolocation of RF Signals, and includes hands-on real world labs and applications using MATLAB in the areas of: RF signals specifications, RF geolocation distributed wireless communications networks and RF geolocation.Geolocation of RF Signals-Principles and Simulations will be of interest to government agency program managers industry professionals and engineers, academic researchers, faculty and graduate students who are interested in or currently designing, developing and deploying innovative geolocation of RF Signal systems.
Geolocation of RF Signals 3
Preface 5
Contents 9
Chapter 1: Introduction to Geolocation of RF Signals 15
1.1 Geolocation of RF Signals Systems 15
1.2 History and Background 17
1.3 Geolocation of RF Signals System Concept 17
1.4 Technical Definition and Classification 19
1.5 Requirements of Geolocation of RF Signals Systems 21
1.6 Geolocation of RF Signals Main Description 29
1.7 Best State-of-the-Art Geolocation of RF Signals Techniques 31
1.8 Applications of Geolocation of RF Signals 33
1.9 A Generic Geolocation of RF Signals System 33
1.9.1 Principles of Operation 35
1.9.2 RF Transmitter 36
1.9.3 RF Channel 37
1.9.4 GRFS Receiver 38
1.10 Conclusions 39
References 41
Chapter 2: Requirements for Description of GRFS Systems 49
2.1 Overview 49
2.2 Introduction 50
2.3 Requirements for Description of Indoor GRFS Systems 52
2.3.1 Requirements for Description of Indoor Ground GRFS Systems 53
2.3.2 Requirements for Description of Indoor Air GRFS Systems 54
2.3.3 Requirements for Description of Indoor Space GRFS Systems 57
2.3.4 Requirements for Description of Indoor Water GRFS Systems 58
2.4 Requirements for Description of Urban GRFS Systems 59
2.4.1 Requirements for Description of Urban Ground GRFS Systems 60
2.4.2 Requirements for Description of Urban Air GRFS Systems 61
2.4.3 Requirements for Description of Urban Water GRFS Systems 61
2.4.4 Requirements for Description of Urban Space GRFS Systems 62
2.4.5 Requirements for Description of Urban Ground-to-Air (Air-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 63
2.4.6 Requirements for Description of Urban Ground-to-Water (Water-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 66
2.4.7 Requirements for Description of Urban Air-to-Water (Water-to-Air) GRFS Systems 66
2.4.8 Requirements for Description of Urban Air-to-Space (Space-to-Air) GRFS Systems 68
2.5 Requirements for Description for Suburban GRFS Systems 69
2.5.1 Requirements for Description of Suburban Ground GRFS Systems 70
2.5.2 Requirements for Description of Suburban Air GRFS Systems 71
2.5.3 Requirements for Description of Suburban Water GRFS Systems 72
2.5.4 Requirements for Description of Suburban Space GRFS Systems 73
2.5.5 Requirements for Description of Suburban Ground-to-Air (Air-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 75
2.5.6 Requirements for Description of Suburban Ground-to-Water (Water-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 76
2.5.7 Requirements for Description of Suburban Air-to-Water (Water-to-Air) GRFS Systems 77
2.5.8 Requirements for Description of Suburban Air-to-Space (Space-to-Air) GRFS Systems 79
2.5.9 Requirements for Description of Suburban Ground-to-Air-to-Water (Air-to-Water-to-Ground or Water-to-Air-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 80
2.6 Requirements for Description of Global GRFS Systems 80
2.6.1 Requirements for Description of Global Ground GRFS Systems 82
2.6.2 Requirements for Description of Global Air GRFS Systems 82
2.6.3 Requirements for Description of Global Water GRFS Systems 83
2.6.4 Requirements for Description of Global Space GRFS Systems 84
2.6.5 Requirements for Description of Global Ground-to-Air (Air-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 85
2.6.6 Requirements for Description of Global Ground-to-Water (Water-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 87
2.6.7 Requirements for Description of Global Air-to-Water (Water-to-Air) GRFS Systems 87
2.6.8 Requirements for Description of Global Air-to-Space (Space-to-Air) GRFS Systems 88
2.6.9 Requirements for Description of Global Ground-to-Air-to-Water (Air-to-Water-to-Ground or Water-to-Ground-to-Air) GRFS Systems 90
2.7 Requirements for Description for Satellite GRFS Systems 92
2.7.1 Requirements for Description of Satellite Space GRFS Systems 94
2.7.2 Requirements for Description of Satellite Ground-to-Air (Air-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 95
2.7.3 Requirements for Description of Satellite Ground-to-Space (Space-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 95
2.7.4 Requirements for Description of Satellite Air-to-Water (Water-to-Air) GRFS Systems 97
2.7.5 Requirements for Description of Satellite Air-to-Space (Space-to-Air) GRFS Systems 98
2.7.6 Requirements for Description of Satellite Ground-to-Air-to-Water (Air-to-Ground-to-Water or Water-to-Air-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 99
2.7.7 Requirements for Description of Satellite Ground-to-Space-to-Water (Space-to-Ground-to-Water or Water-to-Space-to-Ground) GRFS Systems 100
2.7.8 Requirements for Description of Satellite Air-to-Space-to-Water (Space-to-Air-to-Water or Water-to-Space-to-Air) GRFS Systems 100
2.7.9 Requirements for Description of Satellite Ground-to-Air-to-Space-to-Water (All Other Combinations of Four) GRFS Systems 101
2.8 Conclusions 102
References 103
Chapter 3: RF Signals 111
3.1 Overview 111
3.2 Introduction of RF Signals 112
3.2.1 What Are the RF Signals Main Parameters? 113
3.2.2 How Can We Best Describe RF Signals? 116
3.3 RF Signals for Indoor GRFS Systems 118
3.3.1 RF Signals for Wireless Networks GRFS Systems 119
3.4 RF Signals for Urban GRFS Systems 123
3.4.1 RF Signals for Mobile Systems and Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) 123
3.4.2 RF Signals for FM and TV Stations 124
3.5 RF Signals for Suburban GRFS Systems 127
3.5.1 RF Signals for Two-Way Radio 127
3.5.2 RF Signals for Cellular Network GRFS Systems 132
3.6 RF Signals for Global GRFS Systems 133
3.7 RF Signals for Satellite GRFS Systems 133
3.7.1 RF Signals for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) 134
3.7.2 RF Signals for Satellite Television Technology (STT) 138
3.7.3 RF Signals for Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) and Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite-Second Generation (DVB-S2) 140
3.8 Conclusions 142
References 143
Chapter 4: Adaptive Array Algorithms for Geolocation of RF Signals 162
4.1 Introduction 162
4.2 Geolocation of RF Signals Main Principles 163
4.2.1 Principles of Operations 164
4.2.1.1 (2D) Principle of Operations´ Distance Estimation 164
4.2.1.2 (3D) Principle of Operations´ Distance Estimation 166
4.2.2 Cramér-Rao Lower Bound and Cramér-Rao Lowest Possible Bound on Angle Accuracy 167
4.3 Geolocation of RF Signals Best Adaptive Algorithm Practices 169
4.4 Requirements, Models, Metrics, and Solutions for Best Blind Adaptive Algorithms for Geolocation of RF Signals 171
4.4.1 Requirements for Blind Adaptive Algorithms for Geolocation of RF Signals Systems 173
4.5 Best Blind Adaptive Algorithm 174
4.5.1 A Blind Adaptive Array GRFS System Concept with an Analyst in the Loop 176
4.6 2001 Simulation Test Setup 183
4.6.1 Frequency Domain Processing 185
4.6.2 Time Domain Processing 189
4.6.3 2001 Summary and Conclusions 193
4.7 2002 Simulation Test Setup 193
4.7.1 Frequency Domain Processing 195
4.7.2 Time Domain Processing 199
4.7.3 2002 Summary and Conclusions 203
4.8 2010+ Simulation Test Setup Requirements for Future Work 203
4.8.1 2010+ DoD Simulation Test Setup Requirements for DoD Future Work 203
4.8.2 2010+ Simulation Test Setup Requirements for Non DoD Future Work 204
4.9 Summary and Conclusions 205
References 205
Chapter 5: Recursive Algorithms for Adaptive Array Systems 209
5.1 Introduction 209
5.2 Recursive Algorithms´ Main Description 210
5.3 The Cholesky´s Method for Complex Hermitian Matrices 212
5.3.1 The Direct Cholesky´s Method 213
5.3.2 The Recursive Cholesky´s Algorithm 215
5.3.3 The Recursive Solution of a Complex Linear System 220
5.4 The MGSO Method for Complex PDH Matrices 222
5.4.1 The Direct MGSO Algorithm 223
5.4.2 The Recursive MGSO Algorithm 224
5.4.3 The Solution of a Complex, Recursive Linear System 227
5.5 Assessment of Both Recursive Algorithms 227
5.5.1 Simple Block Processing 227
5.5.2 Recursive Block Processing 228
5.6 Generalized Eigenvalue Problem 228
5.7 Recursive Generalized Eigenvalue Problem 237
5.8 Assessment of Both Algorithms 238
5.9 Conclusions 239
5.10 Future Research 240
Appendix A 240
Appendix B 242
Appendix C (A Review on Complex Arithmetic) 242
Appendix D (A Review on Toeplitz Matrices) 243
References 243
Chapter 6: Adaptive Array Beamforming for Interference Mitigation for GRFS Systems 246
6.1 Introduction 246
6.2 Adaptive Array Beamforming for Interference Mitigation of GRFS Systems Main Description and Discussion 249
6.3 Adaptive Array Beamforming for Interference Mitigation of GRFS Systems (GPS or GNSS) Main Description and Discussion 250
6.4 ATSA Mathematical Model 253
6.4.1 Principle Illustration Example 1 258
6.5 ASTSA Mathematical Model 262
6.6 Improved ASTSA (or ASTSA with Restored Phase) Mathematical Model 271
6.7 ATSA Simulations 273
6.7.1 Principle Illustration Example 2 275
6.7.2 Principle Illustration Example 3 277
6.8 ATSA Implementation 278
6.8.1 Principle Illustration Example 4 280
6.9 ASTSA Simulations 281
6.9.1 Principle Simulation Example 5.1 281
6.9.2 Principle Simulation Example 5.2 282
6.9.3 Principle Simulation Example 5.3 283
6.9.4 Principle Simulation Example 6.1 283
6.9.5 Principle Simulation Example 6.2 285
6.9.6 Principle Simulation Example 6.3: ASSA with 4 Sensors Beampattern Main Plots 287
6.9.7 Principle Simulation Example 7.1 288
6.9.8 Principle Simulation Example 7.2 289
6.9.9 Principle Simulation Example 7.3: ASTSA with 6 Taps and 4 Sensors Beampattern Main Plots 290
6.10 Improved ASTSA (or ASTSA with Restored Phase) Simulations 291
6.10.1 Principle Simulation Example 8: ASTSA with Two Antennae and One Tap (2E-1T) and One CW and Ideal Phase Restorer 292
6.10.2 Principle Simulation Example 9: The 2E-1T ASTSA and One WB Interference Source and Ideal Phase Restorer 294
6.10.3 Principle Simulation Example 10: The 2E-1T ASTSA and One WB Interference Source and a Realistic Phase Restorer 296
6.11 Summary and Conclusions 297
6.11.1 ATSA Summary and Conclusions 297
6.11.2 ASTSA Summary and Conclusions 298
6.11.3 Improved ASTSA Summary and Conclusions 299
6.12 Future Direction for Research 299
Appendix A 300
Appendix B: Equivalent Expressions with Other Similar Publications 303
Appendix C: Important Theorem Proofs 304
Theorem 1 304
Proof of Theorem 1 304
Appendix D: Important Theorem Proofs 305
Theorem 2 305
Proof of Theorem 2 306
References 306
Appendix A. RF Signals Simulink Models 312
RF Signals for Indoor GRFS Systems 312
RF Signals for Wireless Networks 312
RF Signals for Urban GRFS Systems 320
RF Signals for Mobile Systems and Metropolitan Area Networks 320
RF Signals for Satellite GRFS Systems 321
RF Signals for Satellite Television Technology 322
References 327
Index 329
About the Author 338
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 15.1.2011 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | XIV, 330 p. |
| Verlagsort | New York |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik |
| Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik | |
| Schlagworte | Adaptive signal processing • Digital beam-forming • Geolocation systems • Radio frequency signals • RF signal spectrum |
| ISBN-10 | 1-4419-7952-2 / 1441979522 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-4419-7952-0 / 9781441979520 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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